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RMI's study evaluates hourly carbon-free energy procurement strategies across seven global markets, finding that while hourly load-matching supports long-term grid decarbonization, strategies must be tailored to regional grid dynamics to maximize immediate emissions reductions.

The document highlights that just 1% of Croatia's estimated superhot rock geothermal resource could provide 6 GW of capacity, generating over 48,521 GWh of electricity. This amount is more than three times the country's 2021 electricity consumption of 15,205 GWh. Such a resource could theoretically replace all coal and gas used for electricity production, reducing carbon emissions by approximately 3 megatonnes, which represents 23% of Croatia's share of the EU's Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) goal. Additionally, the technology could eliminate Croatia's dependence on imports for coal (100%), natural gas (79%), and electricity (76%). The report also notes the high energy density of superhot rock geothermal, estimating that 1 GW requires roughly 12 km² of land, significantly less than solar (180 km²), offshore wind (520 km²), or biomass (14,000 km²).

The document highlights that just 1% of Hungary's estimated superhot rock geothermal resource could provide 34 GW of energy capacity, generating over 285,013 GWh of electricity. This amount is eight times the country's 2021 electricity consumption and could theoretically replace all coal and gas used for electricity production, reducing carbon emissions by approximately 10 megatonnes. Such a transition would significantly enhance energy security, as Hungary currently imports 63% of its coal, 67% of its natural gas, and 55% of its electricity. Additionally, superhot rock geothermal is noted for its high energy density, requiring only 12 km² of land per 1 GW, compared to much larger footprints for solar, wind, and biomass.