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Fossil fuel subsidies, which exceeded USD 1.2 trillion in public financial support in 2024, distort energy markets and lock countries into fossil fuel dependence. These subsidies take the form of consumer price supports, producer incentives, and general services. While subsidies declined to USD 921 billion in 2024 from a 2022 peak of USD 1.76 trillion, geopolitical tensions in 2026 are risking a new increase in support measures to shield consumers from price shocks.

The document defines tipping points as critical thresholds where accumulated changes push a system into a new, often irreversible state. It highlights negative tipping points, such as the collapse of coral reefs, the shutdown of North Atlantic ocean mixing, and the die-back of the Amazon rainforest, noting that these can trigger a domino effect. Conversely, it describes positive tipping points as thresholds that accelerate beneficial changes, such as the growth of renewable energy and electric vehicles. WWF's approach involves protecting ecosystems, addressing drivers of environmental change, and ensuring equity in conservation efforts to prevent negative tipping points and foster positive ones.