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The report examines how social constructions of gender—rather than biological differences—create inequalities in the division of labour and access to resources, which in turn dictate how men and women interact with and are affected by the environment. Through case studies in Uganda, the Philippines, Indonesia, India, and South Africa, it demonstrates that women often face a 'double work burden' and higher vulnerability to environmental hazards, while men typically dominate large-scale, more environmentally damaging industrial activities. The document proposes an analytical framework focusing on formal and informal constraints to help organisations implement gender-sensitive programming.

The report reviews a proposed three-year sustainable land management project in four districts of Nepal's Churia Range. While technically sound, the assessment finds a critical lack of social context and gender-inclusive planning. It highlights that the project's design process was dominated by male technical teams and institutional stakeholders, largely excluding women, Dalits, and indigenous people. The report argues that without specific GESI (Gender Equality and Social Inclusion) strategies, the project risks reinforcing elite capture in community forestry and failing to address the specific vulnerabilities of the poorest populations, who are most dependent on forest resources and most affected by climate change.

The report analyzes systemic gender inequalities in Madagascar, specifically within the Diana, Manambolo-Tsiribihina, and Mahafaly seascapes, to inform a Gender Action Plan for the management of Locally Managed Marine Areas (LMMAs). It identifies that while women are central to nearshore harvesting and household food security, they are largely excluded from formal governance, high-value offshore fishing, and strategic decision-making. The Gender Action Plan sets specific targets, including a 30% minimum female representation in governance bodies and 50% participation in training, while proposing strategies for gender-responsive budgeting, leadership training for women, and the engagement of men to shift discriminatory social norms.