Mapping the Impacts of Solar Water Pumps on Farmers’ Lives: Building a Results Framework for Components A and C of Pradhan Mantri Kisan Urja Suraksha Evam Utthaan Mahabhiyan (PM Kusum)

This working paper proposes a results framework for monitoring the indirect outcomes of Components A (small solar-powered generators) and C (on-grid solar pumps) of India's Pradhan Mantri Kisan Urja Suraksha evam Utthaan Mahabhiyan (PM KUSUM) scheme. The framework utilizes a water-energy-food (WEF) nexus approach to move beyond quantitative metrics, such as installed solar capacity, to capture qualitative socioeconomic changes in farmers' lives.

• The PM KUSUM Scheme, launched in July 2019, seeks to solarize agricultural electricity use in India through three components; this paper focuses specifically on Component A (small solar-powered generators) and Component C (on-grid solar pumps), excluding Component B's off-grid solutions.
• Current monitoring of the PM KUSUM Scheme relies heavily on quantitative indicators like installed solar capacity and fails to investigate the actual impact on beneficiaries, such as changes in water usage, debt levels, or traditional cropping patterns.
• The proposed results framework employs the water–energy–food (WEF) ecosystem nexus and literature reviews to track progress across implementation, project data analysis, outcome, and impact levels, incorporating socioeconomic factors like income.
• The authors suggest integrating M&E operational systems and multiple evaluation cycles throughout the programmatic lifeline to identify knowledge gaps and mitigate challenges, noting that the proposed framework is iterative and requires ground testing for confirmation.

APA

World Resources Institute (n.d.). Mapping the Impacts of Solar Water Pumps on Farmers’ Lives: Building a Results Framework for Components A and C of Pradhan Mantri Kisan Urja Suraksha Evam Utthaan Mahabhiyan (PM Kusum). https://www.wri.org/research/mapping-impacts-solar-water-pumps-farmers-lives

Chicago

World Resources Institute. Mapping the Impacts of Solar Water Pumps on Farmers’ Lives: Building a Results Framework for Components A and C of Pradhan Mantri Kisan Urja Suraksha Evam Utthaan Mahabhiyan (PM Kusum). n.d. https://www.wri.org/research/mapping-impacts-solar-water-pumps-farmers-lives.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |author=World Resources Institute |title=Mapping the Impacts of Solar Water Pumps on Farmers’ Lives: Building a Results Framework for Components A and C of Pradhan Mantri Kisan Urja Suraksha Evam Utthaan Mahabhiyan (PM Kusum) |url=https://www.wri.org/research/mapping-impacts-solar-water-pumps-farmers-lives |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{worldresourcesinstitutendmapping, author = {{World Resources Institute}}, title = {{Mapping the Impacts of Solar Water Pumps on Farmers’ Lives: Building a Results Framework for Components A and C of Pradhan Mantri Kisan Urja Suraksha Evam Utthaan Mahabhiyan (PM Kusum)}}, institution = {World Resources Institute}, url = {https://www.wri.org/research/mapping-impacts-solar-water-pumps-farmers-lives}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }