The State of Ocean-Based Climate Action in 2025 Nationally Determined Contributions: A Preliminary Update

The document analyzes the integration of ocean-based climate actions in 2025 NDCs, noting a general upward trend in inclusion among coastal and island nations following the Global Stocktake.

• There is an upward trend in the inclusion of ocean-based actions in NDCs among coastal and island countries: 62 percent (69 of 111) in 2015, 73 percent (77 of 106) in 2022, and 61 of the 66 updated NDCs submitted since the Global Stocktake include at least one ocean-based action.
• The 2025 NDCs, to be submitted before COP30 in November and typically covering targets to 2035, are viewed as critical for correcting the course of climate efforts, which are currently not on track to meet the goals of the Paris Agreement.

APA

World Resources Institute (n.d.). The State of Ocean-Based Climate Action in 2025 Nationally Determined Contributions: A Preliminary Update. https://www.wri.org/research/ocean-based-climate-action-2025-ndcs-preliminary-update

Chicago

World Resources Institute. The State of Ocean-Based Climate Action in 2025 Nationally Determined Contributions: A Preliminary Update. n.d. https://www.wri.org/research/ocean-based-climate-action-2025-ndcs-preliminary-update.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |author=World Resources Institute |title=The State of Ocean-Based Climate Action in 2025 Nationally Determined Contributions: A Preliminary Update |url=https://www.wri.org/research/ocean-based-climate-action-2025-ndcs-preliminary-update |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{worldresourcesinstitutendstate, author = {{World Resources Institute}}, title = {{The State of Ocean-Based Climate Action in 2025 Nationally Determined Contributions: A Preliminary Update}}, institution = {World Resources Institute}, url = {https://www.wri.org/research/ocean-based-climate-action-2025-ndcs-preliminary-update}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }