Paying for the Paris Agreement: A Primer on Government Options for Financing Nationally Determined Contributions

This report by the World Resources Institute provides a primer for governments on raising and aligning funds to implement Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) to meet Paris Agreement goals. It outlines a three-stage process consisting of planning (creating a financing strategy), implementation (using financial, fiscal, and policy instruments), and monitoring (tracking financial flows).

• To limit global warming to 2°C, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change indicates that global mitigation investments must increase by a factor of 36 by 2030.
• Developing countries face a significant financing gap; while only 60% reported their financial needs in their NDCs, the total requirement is $4.3 trillion, averaging $430 billion annually. This is four times the $100 billion pledge made by developing countries.
• Governments, particularly in the Global South, face obstacles in implementing finance initiatives due to a lack of human and financial resources, as well as political dynamics and a perceived conflict between climate goals and development.
• Achieving NDC targets requires a comprehensive approach across three stages: creating a financing strategy to determine funding needs and governance, implementing a variety of fiscal and policy instruments to mobilize public and private finance, and establishing systems to monitor financial flows.

APA

World Resources Institute (n.d.). Paying for the Paris Agreement: A Primer on Government Options for Financing Nationally Determined Contributions. https://www.wri.org/research/paying-paris-agreement-primer-government-options-financing-nationally-determined

Chicago

World Resources Institute. Paying for the Paris Agreement: A Primer on Government Options for Financing Nationally Determined Contributions. n.d. https://www.wri.org/research/paying-paris-agreement-primer-government-options-financing-nationally-determined.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |author=World Resources Institute |title=Paying for the Paris Agreement: A Primer on Government Options for Financing Nationally Determined Contributions |url=https://www.wri.org/research/paying-paris-agreement-primer-government-options-financing-nationally-determined |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{worldresourcesinstitutendpaying, author = {{World Resources Institute}}, title = {{Paying for the Paris Agreement: A Primer on Government Options for Financing Nationally Determined Contributions}}, institution = {World Resources Institute}, url = {https://www.wri.org/research/paying-paris-agreement-primer-government-options-financing-nationally-determined}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }