Appendix: State Electric Vehicle Benefits Methodology, Assumptions, and References

The document outlines the technical framework for assessing electric vehicle (EV) benefits, utilizing EPA eGRID data for power plant emissions and the GREET model for upstream feedstock emissions. It specifies the use of a sales-weighted EV efficiency of 0.314 kWh/mile and an average annual mileage of 11,599 miles. Public health benefits are derived from the American Lung Association's use of the EPA COBRA model, while economic data includes announced manufacturing jobs from the EV Jobs Hub and charging infrastructure growth from the Alternative Fuels Data Center. Fuel cost comparisons rely on NREL utility rates and GasBuddy gasoline prices.

• The analysis uses the US EPA's eGRID2021 database to determine electricity generation-related emissions, employing 26 subregions to balance the precision of regional grid mix variations against the inaccuracies caused by omitting electricity imports and exports.
• To account for emissions beyond the power plant, the study incorporates feedstock emissions rates for each subregion using the GREET (2022 release) life cycle emissions model from Argonne National Laboratory.
• Emissions calculations are based on a sales-weighted average EV efficiency of 0.314 kWh/mile and an average annual driving distance of 11,599 miles, while gasoline vehicle emissions are estimated at 10,708 gCO2e/gallon.
• Monetized public health benefits and avoided lost work days are based on American Lung Association analysis using the US EPA Co-Benefits Risk Assessment (COBRA) health model version 4.1, though data is unavailable for Alaska and Hawaii as the model only covers the contiguous US.
• Data on announced EV manufacturing jobs were sourced from the EV Jobs Hub for the period between January 1, 2021, and February 7, 2024, specifically including categories such as batteries, battery recycling, EV charging, light-duty vehicles, and parts.
• Fuel cost comparisons for EVs were calculated using the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Utility Rate Database, assuming a monthly charging requirement of 344 kWh (11.3 kWh/day) and comparing this to gasoline prices from GasBuddy recorded on January 18-19, 2024.

APA

Reichmuth, D., Cooke, D., Houston, S., & Tsuchiya, A. (2024). Appendix: State Electric Vehicle Benefits Methodology, Assumptions, and References. Union of Concerned Scientists. https://www.ucs.org/sites/default/files/2024-03/state-electric-vehicle-benefits-methodology-2024.pdf

Chicago

Reichmuth, Dave, Dave Cooke, Sam Houston, and Alyssa Tsuchiya. Appendix: State Electric Vehicle Benefits Methodology, Assumptions, and References. Union of Concerned Scientists, 2024. https://www.ucs.org/sites/default/files/2024-03/state-electric-vehicle-benefits-methodology-2024.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Reichmuth |first1=Dave |last2=Cooke |first2=Dave |last3=Houston |first3=Sam |last4=Tsuchiya |first4=Alyssa |title=Appendix: State Electric Vehicle Benefits Methodology, Assumptions, and References |publisher=Union of Concerned Scientists |date=March 2024 |url=https://www.ucs.org/sites/default/files/2024-03/state-electric-vehicle-benefits-methodology-2024.pdf |access-date=23 October 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{reichmuth2024appendix, author = {Reichmuth, Dave and Cooke, Dave and Houston, Sam and Tsuchiya, Alyssa}, title = {{Appendix: State Electric Vehicle Benefits Methodology, Assumptions, and References}}, institution = {Union of Concerned Scientists}, year = {2024}, month = mar, url = {https://www.ucs.org/sites/default/files/2024-03/state-electric-vehicle-benefits-methodology-2024.pdf}, urldate = {2026-10-23}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }