Systematic map report, database and interactive GIS

The document provides a comprehensive mapping of ecotechnologies used to recover carbon and nutrients from wastewater and agriculture. For wastewater, the evidence base consists of 481 articles, showing a predominance of biological processes and a higher focus on energy recovery over nutrient recovery. For agriculture, 338 ecotechnologies were identified, with manure-based systems—particularly anaerobic digestion—being the most prevalent. The report highlights knowledge gaps in nitrogen recovery and the use of extracted nutrients like struvite in agriculture, noting that current policies still prioritise pollution reduction over resource recovery.

• The evidence base for wastewater ecotechnologies comprises 481 relevant articles, while the agricultural sector evidence base includes 338 relevant studies describing ecotechnologies for recovering carbon, nitrogen, or phosphorus.
• In the wastewater sector, energy recovery is more extensively researched than nutrient recovery, suggesting that energy-recovery ecotechnologies are potentially more mature. Phosphorus recovery is more common than nitrogen recovery, particularly when chemical processes are employed.
• Biological processes are the most frequent ecotechnologies in the wastewater sector, accounting for 38% of the evidence. The most common biological process is anaerobic digestion, which offers potential for energy recovery via biogas.
• In the agricultural sector, manure-based ecotechnologies are the most prevalent, constituting 54% of the evidence base. Anaerobic digestion/co-digestion is the most frequent technology in this group, followed by technology combinations and struvite crystallization.
• Agricultural ecotechnologies focus most heavily on nitrogen recovery (80%), followed by phosphorus (69%), while carbon recovery is less common.
• A significant knowledge gap exists regarding the use of extracted nutrients, such as struvite, in agriculture, as research more frequently focuses on the use of biosolids as fertilizer.
• The report notes that current environmental and water policies are primarily designed for the reduction of pollution from waste streams rather than the recovery and reuse of nutrients.

APA

Macura, B., Piniewski, M., Johannesdottir, S., & Mcconville, J. (2018). Systematic map report, database and interactive GIS. Stockholm Environment Institute. https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/systematic-map-report-database-and-interactive-gis.pdf

Chicago

Macura, Biljana, Mikolaj Piniewski, Solveig Johannesdottir, and Jennifer Mcconville. Systematic map report, database and interactive GIS. Stockholm Environment Institute, 2018. https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/systematic-map-report-database-and-interactive-gis.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Macura |first1=Biljana |last2=Piniewski |first2=Mikolaj |last3=Johannesdottir |first3=Solveig |last4=Mcconville |first4=Jennifer |title=Systematic map report, database and interactive GIS |publisher=Stockholm Environment Institute |date=31 October 2018 |url=https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/systematic-map-report-database-and-interactive-gis.pdf |access-date=23 October 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{macura2018systematic, author = {Macura, Biljana and Piniewski, Mikolaj and Johannesdottir, Solveig and Mcconville, Jennifer}, title = {{Systematic map report, database and interactive GIS}}, institution = {Stockholm Environment Institute}, year = {2018}, month = oct, url = {https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/systematic-map-report-database-and-interactive-gis.pdf}, urldate = {2026-10-23}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }