Energía solar y eólica en Colombia: panorama y resumen de políticas 2022

Colombia possesses significant wind and solar potential, estimated at 30 GW and 32 GW respectively, though installed capacity remained low at approximately 1.5% of the electrical matrix in 2022. A strong increase is projected by 2027, potentially reaching nearly 40% of capacity if approved projects are operationalized. The document details a robust incentive framework including tax deductions and VAT exemptions, alongside mechanisms for community benefit distribution and indigenous rights. While investment reached record levels in 2021, the sector faces challenges in gender representation and the need for stronger policies to ensure local employment and social equity.

• Colombia has high-quality wind and solar energy potential, estimated at 30 GW and 32 GW respectively, which exceeds the country's total installed capacity of 18.8 GW. The La Guajira region is particularly significant, holding 18 GW of the national wind potential with average wind speeds of 9.8 m/s.
• Despite high potential, installed capacity for solar and wind was very low in 2022, representing only 1.5% and 0.1% of electrical capacity respectively (290 MW for solar and 18.4 MW for wind). However, if approved projects enter operation, solar and wind could represent 38% of installed capacity by 2027.
• The Colombian government provides several financial incentives for renewable energy, including a 50% income tax deduction on total investment (applicable for up to 15 years), VAT exemptions for equipment and services, import duty exemptions for non-locally produced equipment, and accelerated depreciation of up to 33.33% annually.
• To ensure social equity, projects over 10 MW must transfer 1% of gross energy sales to the project's area of influence, with 60% designated for indigenous or Afro-Colombian communities. This rate is set to increase to 2% once non-conventional renewable capacity exceeds 20% of the total.
• Renewable energy investment in Colombia reached record levels in 2021 with 952 million USD, of which 71% went to wind energy and 29% to solar energy.
• The sector shows a significant gender gap; while official data is lacking, project-level reports indicate a male majority. For example, the La Loma solar park (187 MW) employed 15% women, whereas the San Fernando solar park (61 MW) had approximately 38% women employees.

APA

Araújo, J. V., & Cabré, M. M. (2023). Energía solar y eólica en Colombia: panorama y resumen de políticas 2022. Stockholm Environment Institute. https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/solar-eolica-colombia-sei2023.016.pdf

Chicago

Araújo, José Vega, and Miquel Muñoz Cabré. Energía solar y eólica en Colombia: panorama y resumen de políticas 2022. Stockholm Environment Institute, 2023. https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/solar-eolica-colombia-sei2023.016.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Araújo |first1=José Vega |last2=Cabré |first2=Miquel Muñoz |title=Energía solar y eólica en Colombia: panorama y resumen de políticas 2022 |publisher=Stockholm Environment Institute |date=March 2023 |url=https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/solar-eolica-colombia-sei2023.016.pdf |access-date=23 October 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{arajo2023energa, author = {Araújo, José Vega and Cabré, Miquel Muñoz}, title = {{Energía solar y eólica en Colombia: panorama y resumen de políticas 2022}}, institution = {Stockholm Environment Institute}, year = {2023}, month = mar, url = {https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/solar-eolica-colombia-sei2023.016.pdf}, urldate = {2026-10-23}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }