Durable solutions for people displaced by Typhoon Haiyan in Tacloban, Philippines

Nearly a decade after Typhoon Haiyan, residents of resettlement sites in Tacloban report that durable solutions criteria have not been achieved. While safety from water-related hazards has improved, significant gaps remain in land tenure security, access to water, and livelihood opportunities, with vulnerabilities intersecting across gender and housing provider types.

• Nearly ten years after Typhoon Haiyan, the eight durable solutions criteria established by the IASC Framework have not been met for displaced people in Tacloban resettlement sites.
• Residents report the highest satisfaction with safety, primarily because resettlement sites are located away from the sea, reducing risks from floods and water-related hazards. However, insecurity and crime remain concerns, particularly among residents from different original neighbourhoods.
• Access to water and security of land tenure are major unresolved challenges. Residents in housing provided by the National Housing Authority (NHA) are less likely to possess ownership or rental paperwork compared to those in non-governmental organization (NGO) housing.
• Employment and livelihoods are difficult due to the remote location of resettlement sites, which increases the cost and time required to find work and access services. Residents in NHA sites reported significantly better livelihood conditions than those in NGO-run sites.
• Gender disparities exist in the recovery process: female respondents reported significantly better access to healthcare and education than males, and were more likely to have received compensation for damaged houses and possess housing paperwork.
• Many displaced persons feel the distribution of disaster relief was unfair and inequitable, particularly those in NHA housing, and report a lack of consultation in resettlement and recovery planning.
• The Philippines lacks a national policy or law specifically dedicated to the rights of internally displaced persons (IDPs), relying instead on international humanitarian standards.

APA

Tran, M., & Bermudez, R. (2022). Durable solutions for people displaced by Typhoon Haiyan in Tacloban, Philippines. Stockholm Environment Institute. https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/durable-solutions-typhoon-haiyan-sei2022.050-1.pdf

Chicago

Tran, Minh, and Reinna Bermudez. Durable solutions for people displaced by Typhoon Haiyan in Tacloban, Philippines. Stockholm Environment Institute, 2022. https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/durable-solutions-typhoon-haiyan-sei2022.050-1.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Tran |first1=Minh |last2=Bermudez |first2=Reinna |title=Durable solutions for people displaced by Typhoon Haiyan in Tacloban, Philippines |publisher=Stockholm Environment Institute |date=December 2022 |url=https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/durable-solutions-typhoon-haiyan-sei2022.050-1.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{tran2022durable, author = {Tran, Minh and Bermudez, Reinna}, title = {{Durable solutions for people displaced by Typhoon Haiyan in Tacloban, Philippines}}, institution = {Stockholm Environment Institute}, year = {2022}, month = dec, url = {https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/durable-solutions-typhoon-haiyan-sei2022.050-1.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }