Durable solutions for people displaced by Typhoon Haiyan in Tacloban, Philippines

This policy brief by the Stockholm Environment Institute and the Commission on Human Rights of the Philippines examines the long-term impacts of displacement following Typhoon Haiyan in Tacloban. Based on a 2020 household survey of 311 respondents across four resettlement sites, the study evaluates progress against the IASC Framework on Durable Solutions. It finds that while safety from water-related hazards has improved, significant gaps remain in tenure security, water access, and livelihood opportunities, often exacerbated by the remote location of resettlement sites and a lack of national legislation protecting internally displaced persons.

• Nearly a decade after Typhoon Haiyan, the eight durable solutions criteria established by the IASC Framework have not been achieved for displaced people in Tacloban.
• Residents report the highest satisfaction with safety, averaging 4 on a 1-5 scale, primarily because resettlement sites are located further from the sea, reducing risks from floods and water-related hazards.
• Tenure security and access to water are major failures in achieving durable solutions; many residents lack rental or ownership paperwork, particularly those in National Housing Authority (NHA) housing.
• Employment and livelihoods remain a significant challenge due to the remote location of resettlement sites, which increases the cost and time required to find jobs and access services.
• Gender disparities exist in the recovery process: female respondents reported significantly better access to healthcare and education than males, and were more likely to have received compensation for damaged houses.
• The Philippines lacks a national policy or law specifically dedicated to the rights of internally displaced persons, relying instead on international humanitarian standards.
• Participation in public affairs is hindered by low social cohesion, as residents from different barangays are sometimes hesitant to share opinions for fear of causing conflict.

APA

Tran, M., & Bermudez, R. (2022). Durable solutions for people displaced by Typhoon Haiyan in Tacloban, Philippines. Stockholm Environment Institute. https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/durable-solutions-typhoon-haiyan-sei2022.050-1.pdf

Chicago

Tran, Minh, and Reinna Bermudez. Durable solutions for people displaced by Typhoon Haiyan in Tacloban, Philippines. Stockholm Environment Institute, 2022. https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/durable-solutions-typhoon-haiyan-sei2022.050-1.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Tran |first1=Minh |last2=Bermudez |first2=Reinna |title=Durable solutions for people displaced by Typhoon Haiyan in Tacloban, Philippines |publisher=Stockholm Environment Institute |date=December 2022 |url=https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/durable-solutions-typhoon-haiyan-sei2022.050-1.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{tran2022durable, author = {Tran, Minh and Bermudez, Reinna}, title = {{Durable solutions for people displaced by Typhoon Haiyan in Tacloban, Philippines}}, institution = {Stockholm Environment Institute}, year = {2022}, month = dec, url = {https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/durable-solutions-typhoon-haiyan-sei2022.050-1.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }