Sotsiaalmajanduslike analüüside võimekuse tõstmine ja regionaalne koostöö Läänemere hea keskkonnaseisundi saavutamiseks

The document assesses the socio-economic analysis (SMA) methodologies used by four Baltic Sea nations to meet the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive. It identifies discrepancies in baseline scenario development and analytical approaches—specifically between ecosystem services and marine accounting—and provides evidence from case studies in Estonia and Latvia regarding public willingness to pay for environmental improvements. The brief recommends a combined qualitative and quantitative approach to measure the cost-effectiveness of new policy measures and emphasizes the need for cross-border coordination to close 'policy gaps' in marine protection.

• The project identified a divergence in the analytical approaches used for socio-economic analysis (SMA) among the participating countries: Latvia and Sweden utilized an ecosystem services approach, while Estonia and Finland employed marine accounting.
• Case studies on public willingness to pay for a good environmental status (HKS) in the Baltic Sea showed that Estonian residents are willing to pay an additional 11.21 million euros per year, focusing on reducing oil pollution risks, improving water quality, and limiting alien species. Latvian residents expressed a willingness to pay up to 3.8 million euros per year for biodiversity preservation, water quality improvement, and preventing invasive alien species.
• An analysis of over 60 international marine environmental policy frameworks revealed that while these frameworks are well-known, there are significant differences in how they are implemented across different countries. Improving the application of existing policies could reduce the need for new measures in the marine strategy program of measures.
• Due to gaps in environmental and economic data, quantitative analysis of the first marine strategy program of measures is limited. To prioritize and validate new measures, the document recommends a structured combined approach that integrates qualitative assessments, including expert opinions, with quantitative evidence.
• The document notes a lack of detailed data on water use and the value of various ecosystem services across all participating countries, specifically mentioning that public data from Statistics Estonia is not detailed enough for ecosystem-service-based analysis.

APA

Tuhkanen, H., & Nõmmann, S. (2014). Sotsiaalmajanduslike analüüside võimekuse tõstmine ja regionaalne koostöö Läänemere hea keskkonnaseisundi saavutamiseks. Stockholm Environment Institute. https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/4535.pdf

Chicago

Tuhkanen, Heidi, and Sulev Nõmmann. Sotsiaalmajanduslike analüüside võimekuse tõstmine ja regionaalne koostöö Läänemere hea keskkonnaseisundi saavutamiseks. Stockholm Environment Institute, 2014. https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/4535.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Tuhkanen |first1=Heidi |last2=Nõmmann |first2=Sulev |title=Sotsiaalmajanduslike analüüside võimekuse tõstmine ja regionaalne koostöö Läänemere hea keskkonnaseisundi saavutamiseks |publisher=Stockholm Environment Institute |date=2014 |url=https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/4535.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{tuhkanen2014sotsiaalmajanduslike, author = {Tuhkanen, Heidi and Nõmmann, Sulev}, title = {{Sotsiaalmajanduslike analüüside võimekuse tõstmine ja regionaalne koostöö Läänemere hea keskkonnaseisundi saavutamiseks}}, institution = {Stockholm Environment Institute}, year = {2014}, url = {https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/4535.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }