Combinando el saneamiento con alcantarillado y sin alcantarillado en Montero, Bolivia

This report evaluates the sustainability, user preferences, agricultural demand for reused products, and governance capacity of sanitation systems in Montero, Bolivia. It examines a mix of centralized sewer-based systems and decentralized in situ options, concluding that while technical optimizations can improve environmental and health outcomes, long-term sustainability requires stronger governance, policy instruments, and increased public awareness.

• The city of Montero utilizes a mixed sanitation approach managed by the public services cooperative COSMOL. This includes a centralized system with sewer connections and stabilization pond treatment serving 36% of the population, and decentralized services such as urine-diverting dry toilets (UDDTs/SSSOs) serving approximately 1% of the population. Nearly two-thirds of inhabitants use septic tanks or other in situ systems.
• A sustainability assessment of four technical configurations revealed that all current systems have significant sustainability issues. Systems 2, 3, and 4 struggle primarily with environmental sustainability due to high nutrient and organic matter discharge, while System 1 (centralized) faces challenges regarding household affordability, technical adaptability, and economic sustainability. However, small investments in optimizations—such as adding inlet screens, improving sludge treatment (drying), and using personal protective equipment—can significantly improve health and environmental outcomes without large additional costs.

APA

Liera, C., García, M., Andersson, K., & Kvarnström, E. (2022). Combinando el saneamiento con alcantarillado y sin alcantarillado en Montero, Bolivia. Stockholm Environment Institute. https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/220323a-liera-montero-sewage-spanish-2203h.pdf

Chicago

Liera, Carla, Mónica García, Kim Andersson, and Elisabeth Kvarnström. Combinando el saneamiento con alcantarillado y sin alcantarillado en Montero, Bolivia. Stockholm Environment Institute, 2022. https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/220323a-liera-montero-sewage-spanish-2203h.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Liera |first1=Carla |last2=García |first2=Mónica |last3=Andersson |first3=Kim |last4=Kvarnström |first4=Elisabeth |title=Combinando el saneamiento con alcantarillado y sin alcantarillado en Montero, Bolivia |publisher=Stockholm Environment Institute |date=March 2022 |url=https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/220323a-liera-montero-sewage-spanish-2203h.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{liera2022combinando, author = {Liera, Carla and García, Mónica and Andersson, Kim and Kvarnström, Elisabeth}, title = {{Combinando el saneamiento con alcantarillado y sin alcantarillado en Montero, Bolivia}}, institution = {Stockholm Environment Institute}, year = {2022}, month = mar, url = {https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/220323a-liera-montero-sewage-spanish-2203h.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }