Scaling up urine concentration technologies

The study evaluates alkaline dehydration, nitrification-distillation, and ion-exchange with struvite precipitation for nutrient recovery in Malmö, Sweden. It finds that these technologies support Sustainable Development Goals, particularly nitrogen recovery, and that concentrating over 60% of the city's urine significantly reduces nitrogen emissions to surface water. Additionally, recycling 15–30% of Malmö's urine could meet 50% of the municipality's fertiliser demand.

• All three evaluated urine concentration technologies (alkaline dehydration, nitrification-distillation, and ion-exchange with struvite precipitation) performed well against most sustainability criteria and support the Sustainable Development Goals, specifically in the area of nitrogen recovery.
• Scaling up urine concentration in Malmö city to cover more than 60% of urine leads to a significant reduction in nitrogen emissions to surface water.
• Recycling between 15% and 30% of the urine in Malmö is sufficient to provide 50% of the fertiliser requirements for the Malmö municipality.

APA

Stockholm Environment Institute (2022). Scaling up urine concentration technologies. https://www.sei.org/publications/scaling-up-urine-concentration-technologies/

Chicago

Stockholm Environment Institute. Scaling up urine concentration technologies. 2022. https://www.sei.org/publications/scaling-up-urine-concentration-technologies/.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |author=Stockholm Environment Institute |title=Scaling up urine concentration technologies |date=15 November 2022 |url=https://www.sei.org/publications/scaling-up-urine-concentration-technologies/ |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{stockholmenvironmentinstitute2022scaling, author = {{Stockholm Environment Institute}}, title = {{Scaling up urine concentration technologies}}, institution = {Stockholm Environment Institute}, year = {2022}, month = nov, url = {https://www.sei.org/publications/scaling-up-urine-concentration-technologies/}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }