Scaling up urine concentration technologies

This research paper assesses the environmental and societal impacts of three urine concentration technologies—alkaline dehydration, nitrification-distillation, and ion-exchange with struvite precipitation—within a planned residential area in Malmö, Sweden, to provide guidance for scaling up nutrient recovery for a circular economy.

• The study evaluated three urine concentration technologies (alkaline dehydration, nitrification-distillation, and ion-exchange with struvite precipitation) using a multi-criteria assessment based on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It concluded that all three technologies performed well across many sustainability criteria and are particularly effective for nitrogen recovery.
• Scaling up urine concentration in Malmö city would lead to a significant reduction in nitrogen emissions to surface water, provided that more than 60% of the city's urine is processed.
• Recycling between 15% and 30% of the urine in Malmö would be sufficient to provide 50% of the fertiliser requirements for the Malmö municipality through recovered nitrogen and phosphorus.

APA

Stockholm Environment Institute (2022). Scaling up urine concentration technologies. https://www.sei.org/publications/scaling-up-urine-concentration-technologies/

Chicago

Stockholm Environment Institute. Scaling up urine concentration technologies. 2022. https://www.sei.org/publications/scaling-up-urine-concentration-technologies/.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |author=Stockholm Environment Institute |title=Scaling up urine concentration technologies |date=15 November 2022 |url=https://www.sei.org/publications/scaling-up-urine-concentration-technologies/ |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{stockholmenvironmentinstitute2022scaling, author = {{Stockholm Environment Institute}}, title = {{Scaling up urine concentration technologies}}, institution = {Stockholm Environment Institute}, year = {2022}, month = nov, url = {https://www.sei.org/publications/scaling-up-urine-concentration-technologies/}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }