Greenhouse Gas Emissions Review

This research paper reviews greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions across the sanitation and wastewater management chain to improve climate change considerations in sanitation planning, identifying significant data and methodological gaps in current literature.

• The study identifies several critical evidence gaps in the existing literature regarding sanitation GHG emissions, specifically the lack of quantification for non-sewered systems (such as composting and biogas toilets), the failure to account for infrastructure operational status and environmental conditions, a lack of holistic studies covering the entire sanitation chain, and inconsistent measurement methods.
• The authors argue that there is an urgent requirement to integrate climate-smart solutions into the design of both new and retrofitted sanitation infrastructure to align sustainable development goals for sanitation with climate action.

APA

Stockholm Environment Institute (2024). Greenhouse Gas Emissions Review. https://www.sei.org/publications/greenhouse-gas-emissions-review/

Chicago

Stockholm Environment Institute. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Review. 2024. https://www.sei.org/publications/greenhouse-gas-emissions-review/.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |author=Stockholm Environment Institute |title=Greenhouse Gas Emissions Review |date=11 March 2024 |url=https://www.sei.org/publications/greenhouse-gas-emissions-review/ |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{stockholmenvironmentinstitute2024greenhouse, author = {{Stockholm Environment Institute}}, title = {{Greenhouse Gas Emissions Review}}, institution = {Stockholm Environment Institute}, year = {2024}, month = mar, url = {https://www.sei.org/publications/greenhouse-gas-emissions-review/}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }