VIETNAM POLICY BRIEF

Vietnam faces a funding gap to reach universal clean cooking by 2030, with an estimated 5.9 to 13.7 million households likely to remain without access under business-as-usual scenarios. Achieving Tier 4 access (clean fuels like LPG, ethanol, and electric cooking) would require USD 19-22 billion, while universal access to Tier 2/Tier 3 improved cookstoves (ICS) requires USD 183 million. Key barriers include limited private sector finance for ICS enterprises, high distribution costs for last-mile delivery to ethnic minorities, and affordability gaps for approximately 1.3 million households. The document recommends expanding consumer finance, creating a national carbon credit scheme, and providing USD 143 million in private sector finance for ICS.

• Under business-as-usual programmes and financing, Vietnam is projected to fall short of universal clean cooking access by 2030, leaving between 5.9 million and 13.7 million households without access.
• Achieving universal access to Tier 4 clean cooking (which includes LPG, ethanol, and electric cooking) is estimated to cost between USD 19 billion and USD 22 billion, primarily driven by fuel costs, subsidies for affordability, and infrastructure needs such as bottling plants and storage.
• Universal access to Tier 2/Tier 3 improved cookstoves (ICS) requires USD 183 million in new funding, of which USD 143 million (78%) is needed for private sector manufacturing and distribution and USD 40 million (22%) is required to close the household affordability gap.
• Significant barriers to progress include a lack of private sector finance for small ICS enterprises, the disappearance of donor programmes, and the high cost of last-mile delivery to hard-to-reach areas, particularly for ethnic minorities.
• Approximately 1.3 million households, or 5 percent of the population, are unable to afford a USD 35 improved cookstove on a cash basis.

APA

Sustainable Energy for All (2021). VIETNAM POLICY BRIEF. https://www.seforall.org/system/files/2021-10/TTP-Vietnam-Brief.pdf

Chicago

Sustainable Energy for All. VIETNAM POLICY BRIEF. 2021. https://www.seforall.org/system/files/2021-10/TTP-Vietnam-Brief.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |author=Sustainable Energy for All |title=VIETNAM POLICY BRIEF |date=2021 |url=https://www.seforall.org/system/files/2021-10/TTP-Vietnam-Brief.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{sustainableenergyforall2021vietnam, author = {{Sustainable Energy for All}}, title = {{VIETNAM POLICY BRIEF}}, institution = {Sustainable Energy for All}, year = {2021}, url = {https://www.seforall.org/system/files/2021-10/TTP-Vietnam-Brief.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }