ENERGIZING FINANCE: TAKING THE PULSE 2021 GHANA

The document analyzes Ghana's progress toward SDG7, noting that while electricity access is on track to reach 97% by 2030 under business-as-usual (BAU) scenarios, clean cooking access remains low. Achieving universal Tier 1 electricity access requires an additional USD 22 million, whereas universal Tier 4 clean cooking access requires between USD 10 billion and USD 13 billion. Key barriers include customer affordability, last-mile delivery challenges, and limited private sector finance for local energy enterprises.

• Ghana is projected to reach 97 percent electrification by 2030 under a business-as-usual (BAU) scenario, leaving 370,000 households without access, primarily in remote areas. Achieving universal Tier 1 electricity access requires an additional USD 22 million, split between USD 10 million for private sector incentives to reach remote areas and USD 12 million to address household affordability.
• Clean cooking access is growing slowly; only 14 percent of the population currently uses Tier 4 clean fuels and technology, and 32 percent use improved cookstoves (Tiers 2/3). Under BAU, only 18 percent will have Tier 4 access and 40 percent will have Tier 2/3 access by 2030. A full transition from wood and charcoal to clean fuels is estimated to take 50 years or more.
• The financial requirements for universal clean cooking vary by target: achieving 100 percent access to Tier 4 clean cooking (LPG, ethanol, and electric cooking) requires USD 10-13 billion. Alternatively, accelerating universal access to Tier 2/Tier 3 improved cookstoves (ICS) requires USD 299 million, with USD 146 million needed for the affordability gap and USD 152 million for private sector manufacturing and distribution.
• Major obstacles to universal energy access in Ghana include customer affordability—with 38 percent of the population unable to afford an improved cookstove on a cash basis—and the high cost of last-mile delivery in remote areas. Additionally, local energy enterprises struggle with access to finance and equity, and the government lacks a strategy for clean fuels beyond LPG or a mechanism for carbon finance.

APA

Sustainable Energy for All (2021). ENERGIZING FINANCE: TAKING THE PULSE 2021 GHANA. https://www.seforall.org/system/files/2021-10/TTP-Ghana-Brief.pdf

Chicago

Sustainable Energy for All. ENERGIZING FINANCE: TAKING THE PULSE 2021 GHANA. 2021. https://www.seforall.org/system/files/2021-10/TTP-Ghana-Brief.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |author=Sustainable Energy for All |title=ENERGIZING FINANCE: TAKING THE PULSE 2021 GHANA |date=2021 |url=https://www.seforall.org/system/files/2021-10/TTP-Ghana-Brief.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{sustainableenergyforall2021energizing, author = {{Sustainable Energy for All}}, title = {{ENERGIZING FINANCE: TAKING THE PULSE 2021 GHANA}}, institution = {Sustainable Energy for All}, year = {2021}, url = {https://www.seforall.org/system/files/2021-10/TTP-Ghana-Brief.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }