THE governments of Mozambique and South Africa signed a R3 billion, 30-year concession in 1996 for a private consortium, Trans-African Concessions (TRAC), to build and operate the N4 toll road from Witbank, South Africa to Maputo, Mozambique.

A case study on the N4 toll road concession between South Africa and Mozambique, detailing the financing, risk management, and regional economic impacts of the project operated by Trans-African Concessions (TRAC).

• In 1996, South Africa and Mozambique entered a 30-year, R3 billion concession with Trans-African Concessions (TRAC) to build and operate the N4 toll road from Witbank to Maputo, with ownership reverting to the governments after the term.
• The project was funded via 20% equity and 80% debt, with R331 million in equity from three construction sponsors and the remainder from investors including the Development Bank of Southern Africa and four major South African banks. Both governments jointly guaranteed the debt and, under specific conditions, the equity.
• To manage user payment risk in Mozambique, where poor communities were unable or unwilling to pay high fees, TRAC used higher revenues from the South African section to subsidize the Mozambican portion and offered discounts to regular Mozambican users.
• The N4 toll road acted as a catalyst for regional development, supporting the growth of tourism and other infrastructure projects, specifically the Mozal aluminium smelter and the Maputo Port public-private partnership.

APA

South African Institute of International Affairs (2008). THE governments of Mozambique and South Africa signed a R3 billion, 30-year concession in 1996 for a private consortium, Trans-African Concessions (TRAC), to build and operate the N4 toll road from Witbank, South Africa to Maputo, Mozambique. https://saiia.org.za/news/case-study-sa-mozambique-toll-road/

Chicago

South African Institute of International Affairs. THE governments of Mozambique and South Africa signed a R3 billion, 30-year concession in 1996 for a private consortium, Trans-African Concessions (TRAC), to build and operate the N4 toll road from Witbank, South Africa to Maputo, Mozambique. 2008. https://saiia.org.za/news/case-study-sa-mozambique-toll-road/.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |author=South African Institute of International Affairs |title=THE governments of Mozambique and South Africa signed a R3 billion, 30-year concession in 1996 for a private consortium, Trans-African Concessions (TRAC), to build and operate the N4 toll road from Witbank, South Africa to Maputo, Mozambique. |date=24 April 2008 |url=https://saiia.org.za/news/case-study-sa-mozambique-toll-road/ |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{southafricaninstituteofinternationalaffairs2008governments, author = {{South African Institute of International Affairs}}, title = {{THE governments of Mozambique and South Africa signed a R3 billion, 30-year concession in 1996 for a private consortium, Trans-African Concessions (TRAC), to build and operate the N4 toll road from Witbank, South Africa to Maputo, Mozambique.}}, institution = {South African Institute of International Affairs}, year = {2008}, month = apr, url = {https://saiia.org.za/news/case-study-sa-mozambique-toll-road/}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }