ANÁLISIS DE DERECHO INTERNACIONAL, LEGISLACIÓN NACIONAL, FALLOS, E INSTITUCIONES AL INTERRELACIONARSE CON TERRITORIOS Y ÁREAS DE CONSERVACIÓN DE LOS PUEBLOS INDÍGENAS Y COMUNIDADES LOCALES

The document examines the systemic lack of legal recognition for Indigenous and Community Conserved Areas (TICCAs) in Chile. It argues that the Chilean state prioritizes individual property and extractivist economic models over communal indigenous land rights, often criminalizing social protests. While international instruments like ILO Convention 169 and the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples are ratified, their domestic implementation is described as precarious. The report highlights a tension between state-managed protected areas—which often exclude indigenous populations—and community-led initiatives like the Mapu Lahual and Quinquén projects. It concludes that deep legal reforms are necessary to transition from an exclusionary 'Yellowstone model' of conservation to one based on shared governance and the restitution of ancestral lands.

• Chilean legislation generally fails to recognize the governance of indigenous peoples or local communities over protected areas, maintaining a state-centric model where agencies like CONAF and SERNAPESCA hold legal administration.
• The state's approach to protected areas has historically been exclusionary, following the 'Yellowstone model' where human occupation was prohibited, leading to the expulsion and relocation of indigenous communities.
• The 1980 Constitution and the Civil Code of 1855 strongly protect individual property, which the report argues facilitates the appropriation of natural resources by non-indigenous actors and undermines communal indigenous land tenure.
• Despite the ratification of ILO Convention 169 in 2008, the state has largely ignored the requirement for Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC) regarding investment projects and the establishment of protected areas on ancestral lands.
• Indigenous resistance to extractivism and land appropriation has been met with state criminalization, including the use of anti-terrorist laws and abusive force against Mapuche leaders and communities.
• Recent Supreme Court jurisprudence has begun to evolve, recognizing indigenous rights to water and territory based on international law, and annulling environmental assessments that lacked proper consultation.
• The report identifies three categories of TICCAs in Chile: those independent of state protected areas (e.g., Mapu Lahual), those with consultative cooperation with the state, and those in conflict with state-declared protected areas over land tenure.
• Natural sacred sites lack adequate legal protection and governance, as the National Monuments Law often transfers governance to the state once a site is declared a monument.
• The 2011 proposed law to create a Biodiversity and Protected Areas Service is criticized for failing to include shared governance models or the recognition of TICCAs, instead prioritizing private concessions.

APA

Aylwin, J., & Arce, L. (2012). ANÁLISIS DE DERECHO INTERNACIONAL, LEGISLACIÓN NACIONAL, FALLOS, E INSTITUCIONES AL INTERRELACIONARSE CON TERRITORIOS Y ÁREAS DE CONSERVACIÓN DE LOS PUEBLOS INDÍGENAS Y COMUNIDADES LOCALES. Natural Justice. https://naturaljustice.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Americas-Regional-Chile.pdf

Chicago

Aylwin, José, and Lorena Arce. ANÁLISIS DE DERECHO INTERNACIONAL, LEGISLACIÓN NACIONAL, FALLOS, E INSTITUCIONES AL INTERRELACIONARSE CON TERRITORIOS Y ÁREAS DE CONSERVACIÓN DE LOS PUEBLOS INDÍGENAS Y COMUNIDADES LOCALES. Natural Justice, 2012. https://naturaljustice.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Americas-Regional-Chile.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Aylwin |first1=José |last2=Arce |first2=Lorena |title=ANÁLISIS DE DERECHO INTERNACIONAL, LEGISLACIÓN NACIONAL, FALLOS, E INSTITUCIONES AL INTERRELACIONARSE CON TERRITORIOS Y ÁREAS DE CONSERVACIÓN DE LOS PUEBLOS INDÍGENAS Y COMUNIDADES LOCALES |publisher=Natural Justice |date=September 2012 |url=https://naturaljustice.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Americas-Regional-Chile.pdf |access-date=23 October 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{aylwin2012anlisis, author = {Aylwin, José and Arce, Lorena}, title = {{ANÁLISIS DE DERECHO INTERNACIONAL, LEGISLACIÓN NACIONAL, FALLOS, E INSTITUCIONES AL INTERRELACIONARSE CON TERRITORIOS Y ÁREAS DE CONSERVACIÓN DE LOS PUEBLOS INDÍGENAS Y COMUNIDADES LOCALES}}, institution = {Natural Justice}, year = {2012}, month = sep, url = {https://naturaljustice.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Americas-Regional-Chile.pdf}, urldate = {2026-10-23}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }