cartographie-diachronique-et-participative-de-lavancee-du-front-et-impacts-impacts-des-ics-f869f9aa6cffce08.pdf

This April 2022 report by Natural Justice analyzes the spatial expansion and socio-economic and environmental impacts of phosphate mining by the Industries Chimiques du Sénégal (ICS) in the Tivaouane department. The study uses satellite imagery and participatory mapping to document the displacement of 23 villages and the loss of thousands of hectares of agricultural land, while highlighting tensions over inadequate compensation and severe environmental pollution.

• The total area exploited by ICS increased more than threefold over 42 years, growing from 2,821 hectares in 1980 to 8,888 hectares in 2022, an increase of 6,067 hectares.
• Mining activities led to the displacement of 23 villages in three phases: eight villages between 1960 and 1980, twelve between 1980 and 2003, and three since 2003.
• Phosphate extraction caused significant agricultural land loss, estimated at 10,500 hectares in Ndomor Diop and Keur Mor Fall, and 20,000 hectares in Tobène.
• Compensation for displaced populations is a primary source of conflict; while some individuals achieved economic success, many others face precariousness due to low compensation and poor management of funds.
• Local populations suffer from respiratory illnesses, including asthma, bronchitis, and silicosis, attributed to atmospheric pollution from dust and toxic gas emissions from the ICS plants.
• Mining operations have severely impacted water resources, causing a significant and continuous drop in the piezometric levels of the Quaternary, Eocene, Paleocene, and Maastrichtian aquifers.
• Environmental pollution includes the dumping of 'jus fluo' (sulfurophosphoric acid residues) into the sea at Mboro Khondio and Weuta, which is toxic to marine biodiversity.
• Former mining basins known as 'schlamms' have become a survival refuge for horticulturists because the phosphate residues act as natural fertilizers, though these areas remain ICS property and are subject to further displacement.
• ICS employs a significant number of people, but local recruitment is perceived as low; for example, in 2017, the company had 1,974 permanent employees, but only 50 were from Mboro, 34 from Taïba Ndiaye, and 83 from Darou Khoudoss.
• The company's Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives, such as building schools and health centers, are viewed by locals as superficial measures to obtain a 'social license to operate' rather than sustainable development.

APA

Natural Justice (n.d.). cartographie-diachronique-et-participative-de-lavancee-du-front-et-impacts-impacts-des-ics-f869f9aa6cffce08.pdf. https://naturaljustice.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Cartographie-diachronique-et-participative-de-lavancee-du-front-et-impacts-impacts-des-ICS.pdf

Chicago

Natural Justice. cartographie-diachronique-et-participative-de-lavancee-du-front-et-impacts-impacts-des-ics-f869f9aa6cffce08.pdf. n.d. https://naturaljustice.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Cartographie-diachronique-et-participative-de-lavancee-du-front-et-impacts-impacts-des-ICS.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |author=Natural Justice |title=cartographie-diachronique-et-participative-de-lavancee-du-front-et-impacts-impacts-des-ics-f869f9aa6cffce08.pdf |url=https://naturaljustice.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Cartographie-diachronique-et-participative-de-lavancee-du-front-et-impacts-impacts-des-ICS.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{naturaljusticendcartographiediachroniqueetparticipativedelavanceedufrontetimpactsimpactsdesicsf869f9aa6cffce08pdf, author = {{Natural Justice}}, title = {{cartographie-diachronique-et-participative-de-lavancee-du-front-et-impacts-impacts-des-ics-f869f9aa6cffce08.pdf}}, institution = {Natural Justice}, url = {https://naturaljustice.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Cartographie-diachronique-et-participative-de-lavancee-du-front-et-impacts-impacts-des-ICS.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }