ANÁLISIS DE DERECHO INTERNACIONAL, LEGISLACIÓN NACIONAL, FALLOS, E INSTITUCIONES AL INTERRELACIONARSE CON TERRITORIOS Y ÁREAS DE CONSERVACIÓN DE LOS PUEBLOS INDÍGENAS Y COMUNIDADES LOCALES

The report analyzes the lack of formal legal recognition for TICCAs in Panama, highlighting conflicts between the National Environment Authority (ANAM) and indigenous peoples. It examines national environmental laws, the Constitution, and comarca-specific laws, noting that while state laws often ignore traditional conservation, indigenous customary laws—such as the Guna's Anmar Igar—effectively protect biodiversity. The document proposes strategies to integrate traditional governance into the National System of Protected Areas (SINAP) and protect indigenous collective rights over natural resources.

• Panama lacks specific legislation that recognizes or supports the creation of TICCAs, with all protected areas managed under the National System of Protected Areas (SINAP) governed by the National Environment Authority (ANAM).
• The creation of state protected areas has frequently overlapped with traditional indigenous territories without free, prior, and informed consent, leading to conflicts and restrictions on traditional subsistence activities like hunting, fishing, and agriculture.
• The Guna people utilize a customary legal system called 'Anmar Igar' (Fundamental Law) to manage biodiversity and exercise the right to free, prior, and informed consent, which the Panamanian state respects in practice despite it not being a formal national law.
• The Guna people maintain specific sacred sites known as 'Galus' (on land) and 'Birias' (in water), which serve as critical habitats for endangered species and are managed through spiritual guardianship to prevent environmental alteration.
• The General Environment Law (Law 41 of 1998) originally contained articles (98, 101, and 102) recognizing indigenous rights to the sustainable traditional use of natural resources, but these were subsequently removed by the legislative assembly.
• The Naso people face significant territorial insecurity as their lands are not legally recognized and are situated within two state-protected areas: the 'La Amistad' International Park and the Palo Seco Protective Forest.
• The report identifies a systemic devaluation of indigenous knowledge in biodiversity strategies, noting that while Law 20 protects collective intellectual property regarding folklore and dress, it does not cover biodiversity knowledge.
• The Area Silvestre Protegida de Narganá in the Guna Yala Comarca is highlighted as the only protected area in Panama directly administered by an indigenous people through their General Congress.

APA

Masardule, O. (2012). ANÁLISIS DE DERECHO INTERNACIONAL, LEGISLACIÓN NACIONAL, FALLOS, E INSTITUCIONES AL INTERRELACIONARSE CON TERRITORIOS Y ÁREAS DE CONSERVACIÓN DE LOS PUEBLOS INDÍGENAS Y COMUNIDADES LOCALES. Natural Justice. https://naturaljustice.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Americas-Regional-Panama.pdf

Chicago

Masardule, Onel. ANÁLISIS DE DERECHO INTERNACIONAL, LEGISLACIÓN NACIONAL, FALLOS, E INSTITUCIONES AL INTERRELACIONARSE CON TERRITORIOS Y ÁREAS DE CONSERVACIÓN DE LOS PUEBLOS INDÍGENAS Y COMUNIDADES LOCALES. Natural Justice, 2012. https://naturaljustice.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Americas-Regional-Panama.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Masardule |first1=Onel |title=ANÁLISIS DE DERECHO INTERNACIONAL, LEGISLACIÓN NACIONAL, FALLOS, E INSTITUCIONES AL INTERRELACIONARSE CON TERRITORIOS Y ÁREAS DE CONSERVACIÓN DE LOS PUEBLOS INDÍGENAS Y COMUNIDADES LOCALES |publisher=Natural Justice |date=September 2012 |url=https://naturaljustice.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Americas-Regional-Panama.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{masardule2012anlisis, author = {Masardule, Onel}, title = {{ANÁLISIS DE DERECHO INTERNACIONAL, LEGISLACIÓN NACIONAL, FALLOS, E INSTITUCIONES AL INTERRELACIONARSE CON TERRITORIOS Y ÁREAS DE CONSERVACIÓN DE LOS PUEBLOS INDÍGENAS Y COMUNIDADES LOCALES}}, institution = {Natural Justice}, year = {2012}, month = sep, url = {https://naturaljustice.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Americas-Regional-Panama.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }