Strategies for Improving the Global Information Environment: Results from A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The report analyzes 4,798 peer-reviewed papers to determine which interventions effectively mitigate digital misinformation. While many countermeasures are proposed, fewer than one-fifth report measurable impacts. Meta-analysis of 43 experiments confirms that content labels and corrective information are effective in reducing the effects of misinformation on user perceptions. The authors call for more standardized definitions, robust statistical reporting, and a shift in research focus beyond Western countries and the English language to improve the global information environment.

• There is a growing scientific consensus that two specific interventions—content labeling and the publication of corrective information materials—are effective in reducing the impact of misinformation on how users perceive information.
• A significant gap exists between the proposal of countermeasures and the empirical validation of their impact; of the studies that propose countermeasures, less than 20% report a measurable effect.
• Current research on misinformation is heavily skewed toward Western contexts and English-language publications, creating a need for more multilingual and cross-national studies to better understand the global information environment.
• The available body of research lacks methodological standardization, with only 18 of 588 empirical papers on countermeasures providing data that allows for the aggregation of knowledge through meta-analysis.

APA

Herasimenka, A., Valenzuela, S., Chun, W. H. K., Kim, Y. M., Howard, P., George, A., Lawson, A., Pavliuc, A., & Wang, X. (2023). Strategies for Improving the Global Information Environment: Results from A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. International Panel on the Information Environment. https://www.ipie.info/research/sfp2023-1

Chicago

Herasimenka, Aliaksandr, Sebastián Valenzuela, Wendy Hui Kyong Chun, Young Mie Kim, Philip Howard, Anna George, Adrienn Lawson, Alexandra Pavliuc, and Xianlingchen Wang. Strategies for Improving the Global Information Environment: Results from A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. International Panel on the Information Environment, 2023. https://www.ipie.info/research/sfp2023-1.

Wikipedia

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BibTeX

@techreport{herasimenka2023strategies, author = {Herasimenka, Aliaksandr and Valenzuela, Sebastián and Chun, Wendy Hui Kyong and Kim, Young Mie and Howard, Philip and George, Anna and Lawson, Adrienn and Pavliuc, Alexandra and Wang, Xianlingchen}, title = {{Strategies for Improving the Global Information Environment: Results from A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis}}, institution = {International Panel on the Information Environment}, year = {2023}, url = {https://www.ipie.info/research/sfp2023-1}, urldate = {2026-10-23}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }