Guía del IGF para Gobiernos: Gestión ambiental y gobernanza minera

The document outlines four critical areas of environmental management in mining: water, biodiversity, mine waste, and emergency preparedness. It emphasizes the role of national governments in regulating these areas through legislative and policy tools, such as Environmental and Social Impact Assessments (ESIAs) and Environmental and Social Management Plans (ESMPs). The guide advocates for a risk-based approach to governance, the application of the mitigation hierarchy for biodiversity, and the inclusion of vulnerable groups—including women and indigenous peoples—in emergency planning and monitoring. Finally, it proposes a five-step gap analysis process (review, evaluate, prioritize, implement, and monitor) for governments to align their national legal frameworks with international best practices and Sustainable Development Goals.

• Governments should manage water resources at the watershed and regional levels to balance the needs of various users and ecosystems, regulating extraction, use, discharges, and quality.
• To protect biodiversity and ecosystem services, governments should require mining companies to apply the mitigation hierarchy—avoidance, minimization, rehabilitation/restoration, and compensation—to achieve no net loss or a net positive impact.
• Mine waste management must ensure the long-term physical and chemical stability of facilities, such as tailings dams and waste rock dumps, to protect communities and ecosystems from risks like geotechnical failure.
• Emergency preparedness and response programs must be developed collaboratively with companies and communities, specifically ensuring the representation of vulnerable groups such as women, children, and indigenous peoples.
• Governments are encouraged to use a five-step gap analysis process—reviewing legal frameworks, evaluating strengths/weaknesses, prioritizing reforms, implementing actions, and monitoring—to improve environmental governance in mining.
• Engineering for mine waste and infrastructure must account for site-specific seismic and climatic conditions, as well as potential impacts from climate change.

APA

Crawford, A., Hill, J., & Bliss, M. (2021). Guía del IGF para Gobiernos: Gestión ambiental y gobernanza minera. International Institute for Sustainable Development. https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2021-10/igf-environmental-management-summary-es.pdf

Chicago

Crawford, Alec, Jenifer Hill, and Matthew Bliss. Guía del IGF para Gobiernos: Gestión ambiental y gobernanza minera. International Institute for Sustainable Development, 2021. https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2021-10/igf-environmental-management-summary-es.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Crawford |first1=Alec |last2=Hill |first2=Jenifer |last3=Bliss |first3=Matthew |title=Guía del IGF para Gobiernos: Gestión ambiental y gobernanza minera |publisher=International Institute for Sustainable Development |date=May 2021 |url=https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2021-10/igf-environmental-management-summary-es.pdf |access-date=23 October 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{crawford2021gua, author = {Crawford, Alec and Hill, Jenifer and Bliss, Matthew}, title = {{Guía del IGF para Gobiernos: Gestión ambiental y gobernanza minera}}, institution = {International Institute for Sustainable Development}, year = {2021}, month = may, url = {https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2021-10/igf-environmental-management-summary-es.pdf}, urldate = {2026-10-23}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }