DICE Model Reassessment

The authors reassess the DICE model, finding that correcting several 'dubious or mistaken' assumptions leads to a conclusion that more aggressive emissions reductions are warranted to keep global temperatures below 2 degrees centigrade, while maintaining robust economic growth.

• Correcting problematic assumptions in the DICE model indicates that the optimal balance of mitigation costs and climate damages supports keeping global temperature increases below two degrees centigrade, with lower costs than previously estimated.
• The authors argue that robust economic growth is possible even with rapid emissions reductions to maintain safe climate limits, projecting that world income would more than double by 2050 and increase six-fold by 2100.
• The reassessment identifies four specific problematic assumptions in the DICE model: the slow rate of renewable energy cost improvements, the link between mitigation costs and economic expansion, the modest constant rate of climate damage increase, and the assumption that population growth is unaffected by climate change.
• The authors propose alternative assumptions to the DICE baseline, including a 2% annual decrease in renewable energy costs, damages increasing as the third power of temperature increase, and world population stabilizing at nine billion instead of 10.5 billion.

APA

Easton, R., & Repetto, R. (2014). DICE Model Reassessment. International Institute for Sustainable Development. https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/DICE_model_reassessment_working_paper.pdf

Chicago

Easton, Robert, and Robert Repetto. DICE Model Reassessment. International Institute for Sustainable Development, 2014. https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/DICE_model_reassessment_working_paper.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Easton |first1=Robert |last2=Repetto |first2=Robert |title=DICE Model Reassessment |publisher=International Institute for Sustainable Development |date=September 2014 |url=https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/DICE_model_reassessment_working_paper.pdf |access-date=23 October 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{easton2014dice, author = {Easton, Robert and Repetto, Robert}, title = {{DICE Model Reassessment}}, institution = {International Institute for Sustainable Development}, year = {2014}, month = sep, url = {https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/DICE_model_reassessment_working_paper.pdf}, urldate = {2026-10-23}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }