Le commerce numérique et la gouvernance mondiale des données tracer de nouvelles voies dans le droit économique international

The author analyzes the tensions between the free flow of digital data and national regulatory interests, such as privacy and cybersecurity. The paper argues that current international trade frameworks are insufficient for addressing the 'global data divide' and the dominance of big tech. It proposes a multi-layered governance model combining binding agreements with non-binding standards and regulatory interoperability to foster an inclusive digital economy.

• There is a critical need to move beyond the polarized debate between 'free flow of data' and 'data sovereignty,' as this fragmentation reduces digital trust and can be used to justify 'digital authoritarianism.'
• International trade law often struggles to resolve tensions between trade obligations and national data regulations, as general and security exceptions in treaties can be complex to apply or may lead to protectionist retaliation.
• Developing countries face a multidimensional 'data divide' characterized by poor infrastructure, weak regulatory capacity, and 'data colonialism' driven by dominant tech firms from the US and China.
• Existing WTO disciplines and digital economy agreements are largely ineffective at bridging the global data gap because they lack robust, binding mechanisms for regulatory assistance or technical support for developing nations.
• The disproportionate data advantage of large tech companies creates network scale economies that stifle new market entrants and enable mass surveillance, yet current trade rules lack specific disciplines for digital competition.
• A 'multi-layered approach' is recommended to bridge the gap between trade law and data governance, combining binding conventional provisions with non-binding frameworks, multi-stakeholder standards, and flexible regulatory cooperation.

APA

Mishra, N. (2024). Le commerce numérique et la gouvernance mondiale des données tracer de nouvelles voies dans le droit économique international. International Institute for Sustainable Development. https://www.iisd.org/fr/articles/policy-analysis/global-data-governance

Chicago

Mishra, Neha. Le commerce numérique et la gouvernance mondiale des données tracer de nouvelles voies dans le droit économique international. International Institute for Sustainable Development, 2024. https://www.iisd.org/fr/articles/policy-analysis/global-data-governance.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Mishra |first1=Neha |title=Le commerce numérique et la gouvernance mondiale des données tracer de nouvelles voies dans le droit économique international |publisher=International Institute for Sustainable Development |date=October 2024 |url=https://www.iisd.org/fr/articles/policy-analysis/global-data-governance |access-date=23 October 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{mishra2024commerce, author = {Mishra, Neha}, title = {{Le commerce numérique et la gouvernance mondiale des données tracer de nouvelles voies dans le droit économique international}}, institution = {International Institute for Sustainable Development}, year = {2024}, month = oct, url = {https://www.iisd.org/fr/articles/policy-analysis/global-data-governance}, urldate = {2026-10-23}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }