Protéger l’environnement marin de la pollution due aux activités terrestres

The document reviews the Global Programme of Action (GPA), a non-binding framework established in 1995 to combat land-based marine pollution. It highlights the GPA's transition toward three key global partnerships focusing on wastewater, nutrient management, and marine litter. While the GPA helped establish Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 14.1 and 6.3 and supported 107 countries in creating policy frameworks, the briefing notes that marine pollution has increased, with over 500 'dead zones' identified. It concludes that the GPA's influence has waned as the international community shifts toward legally binding treaties for specific pollutants, such as plastics.

• The Global Programme of Action (GPA) is a non-binding framework adopted in 1995 by 108 countries and the European Commission to help nations design plans to stop land-based pollution in the marine environment.
• Approximately 80% of marine pollution originates from land-based sources, including untreated sewage, agricultural runoff, industrial heavy metals and oils, and sediments from logging and earthworks.
• The GPA's work contributed to the establishment of the 2015 Sustainable Development Goals, specifically target 14.1 regarding oceans and target 6.3 regarding wastewater.
• The GPA evolved to focus on three primary global partnerships: the Global Partnership on Nutrient Management (launched 2009), the Global Partnership on Marine Litter (launched at Rio+20 in 2012), and the Global Wastewater Initiative (launched 2013).
• Despite GPA efforts, marine pollution has increased, with over 500 'dead zones' identified in the world's oceans and an estimate that 80% of globally collected wastewater remains untreated.

APA

Paul, D. (2021). Protéger l’environnement marin de la pollution due aux activités terrestres. International Institute for Sustainable Development. https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2021-04/still-one-earth-GPA-FR.pdf

Chicago

Paul, Delia. Protéger l’environnement marin de la pollution due aux activités terrestres. International Institute for Sustainable Development, 2021. https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2021-04/still-one-earth-GPA-FR.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Paul |first1=Delia |title=Protéger l’environnement marin de la pollution due aux activités terrestres |publisher=International Institute for Sustainable Development |date=January 2021 |url=https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2021-04/still-one-earth-GPA-FR.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{paul2021protger, author = {Paul, Delia}, title = {{Protéger l’environnement marin de la pollution due aux activités terrestres}}, institution = {International Institute for Sustainable Development}, year = {2021}, month = jan, url = {https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2021-04/still-one-earth-GPA-FR.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }