panama-mining-policy-framework-assessment-en-658f5678523590eb.pdf

This report assesses Panama's mining policy framework against the IGF's standards, finding that while there is awareness of environmental and social needs, the country suffers from an outdated legal framework, a lack of a clear national mining vision, and significant gaps in mine closure regulations and oversight of artisanal mining.

• Panama lacks a unified national vision or policy regarding its mining sector, which creates inconsistency in government management and affects the granting of concessions and the implementation of Supreme Court judgments. While mining is expected to contribute 6% of GDP, the government is undecided on whether it wants the country to be a 'mining country'.
• The existing legal framework for mining is outdated and insufficient. The Mineral Resources Code does not reflect international best practices, and there is a critical lack of mining-specific legislation regarding occupational safety, environmental protection, mine closure, and artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM).

APA

International Institute for Sustainable Development (n.d.). panama-mining-policy-framework-assessment-en-658f5678523590eb.pdf. https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2021-02/panama-mining-policy-framework-assessment-en.pdf

Chicago

International Institute for Sustainable Development. panama-mining-policy-framework-assessment-en-658f5678523590eb.pdf. n.d. https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2021-02/panama-mining-policy-framework-assessment-en.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |author=International Institute for Sustainable Development |title=panama-mining-policy-framework-assessment-en-658f5678523590eb.pdf |url=https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2021-02/panama-mining-policy-framework-assessment-en.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{internationalinstituteforsustainabledevelopmentndpanamaminingpolicyframeworkassessmenten658f5678523590ebpdf, author = {{International Institute for Sustainable Development}}, title = {{panama-mining-policy-framework-assessment-en-658f5678523590eb.pdf}}, institution = {International Institute for Sustainable Development}, url = {https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2021-02/panama-mining-policy-framework-assessment-en.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }