Accord du Cadre Inclusif sur l’impôt minimum mondial : Recommandations visant à remédier à la stabilisation fiscale

This policy brief by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines the conflict between the OECD's Pillar Two global minimum tax and 'tax stabilization' clauses often found in the national laws and investment agreements of developing countries. The document argues that these clauses, which freeze tax rates for investors, could prevent developing nations from implementing the 15% minimum tax and risk triggering international arbitration. It provides specific recommendations for the OECD's model legislation to ensure that the global minimum tax overrides such stabilization agreements.

• On October 8, 2021, 136 countries approved a two-pillar solution to address tax challenges from the digitalization of the economy. Pillar One creates new taxing rights for companies selling digitally in countries where users are located, while Pillar Two establishes a global minimum effective tax rate of 15% for multinational enterprises, excluding a revenue amount equal to 5% of total expenses related to employees and tangible assets.
• Pillar Two utilizes four 'GloBE rules' to discourage tax competition by allowing countries to tax foreign income if it is taxed below 15%. These include the Income Inclusion Rule (allowing home countries to tax low-taxed foreign branches/subsidiaries), the Undertaxed Payments Rule (allowing host countries to tax payments to foreign affiliates), and complementary rules: the Substitute Rule and the Subject to Tax Rule.
• Tax stabilization clauses—found in national laws or investment agreements—limit a state's ability to change tax laws for specific investors or require economic compensation for such changes. These clauses are primarily a problem for emerging and developing economies, as they may face international arbitration if they attempt to raise taxes to meet the 15% global minimum.
• The document cites specific examples of stabilization: Mali's 2012 Investment Code exempts eligible investors from most taxes for 30 years regardless of new laws, and Guinea recently signed a mining project agreement that stabilizes the tax regime, including a 10-year tax holiday, for 25 years.
• IISD recommends that OECD model legislation explicitly state that the global minimum tax applies to all investments, regardless of any stabilization claims in national laws or treaties that would result in an effective tax rate below 15%.
• The brief proposes four specific guidelines for OECD comments: 1) measures taken in good faith to implement GloBE rules should be deemed compliant with investment treaties; 2) such measures should not be viewed as arbitrary, discriminatory, or as violations of international law; 3) Inclusive Framework members should avoid new stabilization clauses that freeze rates below 15%; and 4) multinational enterprises should be encouraged to support the revision of stabilized tax provisions.

APA

Bernasconi-Osterwalder, N., Brewin, S., Nikièma, S., Lassourd, T., & Readhead, A. (2021). Accord du Cadre Inclusif sur l’impôt minimum mondial : Recommandations visant à remédier à la stabilisation fiscale. International Institute for Sustainable Development. https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2022-01/inclusive-framework-agreement-global-minimum-tax-fr.pdf

Chicago

Bernasconi-Osterwalder, Nathalie, Sarah Brewin, Suzy Nikièma, Thomas Lassourd, and Alexandra Readhead. Accord du Cadre Inclusif sur l’impôt minimum mondial : Recommandations visant à remédier à la stabilisation fiscale. International Institute for Sustainable Development, 2021. https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2022-01/inclusive-framework-agreement-global-minimum-tax-fr.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Bernasconi-Osterwalder |first1=Nathalie |last2=Brewin |first2=Sarah |last3=Nikièma |first3=Suzy |last4=Lassourd |first4=Thomas |last5=Readhead |first5=Alexandra |title=Accord du Cadre Inclusif sur l’impôt minimum mondial : Recommandations visant à remédier à la stabilisation fiscale |publisher=International Institute for Sustainable Development |date=November 2021 |url=https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2022-01/inclusive-framework-agreement-global-minimum-tax-fr.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{bernasconiosterwalder2021accord, author = {Bernasconi-Osterwalder, Nathalie and Brewin, Sarah and Nikièma, Suzy and Lassourd, Thomas and Readhead, Alexandra}, title = {{Accord du Cadre Inclusif sur l’impôt minimum mondial : Recommandations visant à remédier à la stabilisation fiscale}}, institution = {International Institute for Sustainable Development}, year = {2021}, month = nov, url = {https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2022-01/inclusive-framework-agreement-global-minimum-tax-fr.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }