Dukungan Finansial untuk Batubara dan Energi Terbarukan di Indonesia

This 2017 executive summary by IISD argues that coal-fired power in Indonesia is more expensive than renewable energy when accounting for subsidies and external environmental and health costs. While coal received significantly higher total subsidies (US$644 million in 2015) compared to renewables (US$132.8 million in 2015), the 'true cost' of coal is higher due to air pollution and CO2 emissions. The report highlights a trend of increasing coal reliance in Indonesia's energy mix and calls for a policy shift toward renewables.

• The true cost of coal-fired electricity is significantly higher than that of renewable energy when subsidies and external costs—such as air pollution and carbon emissions—are included. While coal may appear cheaper on a per-unit basis regarding production and subsidies, the external costs borne by society make it more expensive in the long term.
• The report identified 15 subsidy policies for the coal industry in Indonesia, though only seven could be quantified. Estimated coal subsidies were US$946 million (Rp12.4 trillion) in 2014 and US$644 million (Rp8.5 trillion) in 2015. The authors note these figures are likely underestimates due to data limitations.
• Financial support for coal far exceeds that for renewable energy. Between 2010 and 2015, renewable energy received US$179 million in subsidies, whereas coal's export tax relief alone totaled US$719.6 million between 2012 and 2015. In 2015, renewable energy subsidies totaled US$132.8 million, with the largest portion coming from Feed-in Tariffs (FITs) at US$126.4 million.
• Indonesia's energy mix has seen an increase in coal's role, contributing 31 percent of the primary energy mix in 2014, up from 17 percent in 2004. The government's 35 GW program includes 20 GW of coal-based production. Coal is predicted to make up 25 percent of the primary energy mix by 2050.

APA

Attwood, C., Bridle, R., Gass, P., Halimanjaya, A. S., Laan, T., Lontoh, L., Sanchez, L., & Christensen, L. T. (2017). Dukungan Finansial untuk Batubara dan Energi Terbarukan di Indonesia. International Institute for Sustainable Development. https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/financial-supports-coal-renewables-indonesia-executive-summary-bahasa.pdf

Chicago

Attwood, Clem, Richard Bridle, Philip Gass, Aidy S. Halimanjaya, Tara Laan, Lucky Lontoh, Lourdes Sanchez, and Lasse Toft Christensen. Dukungan Finansial untuk Batubara dan Energi Terbarukan di Indonesia. International Institute for Sustainable Development, 2017. https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/financial-supports-coal-renewables-indonesia-executive-summary-bahasa.pdf.

Wikipedia

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BibTeX

@techreport{attwood2017dukungan, author = {Attwood, Clem and Bridle, Richard and Gass, Philip and Halimanjaya, Aidy S. and Laan, Tara and Lontoh, Lucky and Sanchez, Lourdes and Christensen, Lasse Toft}, title = {{Dukungan Finansial untuk Batubara dan Energi Terbarukan di Indonesia}}, institution = {International Institute for Sustainable Development}, year = {2017}, month = may, url = {https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/financial-supports-coal-renewables-indonesia-executive-summary-bahasa.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }