Dukungan Finansial untuk Batubara dan Energi Terbarukan di Indonesia

The report identifies 15 subsidy policies for Indonesia's coal industry, estimating subsidies at US$946 million in 2014 and US$644 million in 2015. In contrast, renewable energy subsidies were US$36 million in 2014 and US$133 million in 2015. While per-unit subsidies are similar, the report argues that coal's true cost is much higher when external costs from air pollution and carbon emissions—estimated at US$6 cents per kWh—are included. It concludes that Indonesia's energy policy should shift toward a larger share of renewables to reduce long-term societal costs.

• The true cost of coal is significantly higher than that of renewable energy when subsidies and external costs are included.
• The report identified 15 subsidy policies for the coal industry in Indonesia, with quantified subsidies estimated at Rp12.4 trillion (US$946 million) in 2014 and Rp8.5 trillion (US$644 million) in 2015. These figures are likely underestimates due to data limitations.
• Renewable energy subsidies are substantially lower than coal subsidies. Between 2010 and 2015, renewables received US$179 million in subsidies, whereas coal's export tax relief alone totaled US$719.6 million from 2012 to 2015.
• External costs for coal, including air pollution and carbon emissions, are estimated at US$6 cents per kWh, which significantly impacts the economic calculation of coal power plant development.

APA

Attwood, C., Bridle, R., Gass, P., Halimanjaya, A. S., Laan, T., Lontoh, L., Sanchez, L., & Christensen, L. T. (2017). Dukungan Finansial untuk Batubara dan Energi Terbarukan di Indonesia. International Institute for Sustainable Development. https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/financial-supports-coal-renewables-indonesia-executive-summary-bahasa.pdf

Chicago

Attwood, Clem, Richard Bridle, Philip Gass, Aidy S. Halimanjaya, Tara Laan, Lucky Lontoh, Lourdes Sanchez, and Lasse Toft Christensen. Dukungan Finansial untuk Batubara dan Energi Terbarukan di Indonesia. International Institute for Sustainable Development, 2017. https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/financial-supports-coal-renewables-indonesia-executive-summary-bahasa.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Attwood |first1=Clem |last2=Bridle |first2=Richard |last3=Gass |first3=Philip |last4=Halimanjaya |first4=Aidy S. |last5=Laan |first5=Tara |last6=Lontoh |first6=Lucky |last7=Sanchez |first7=Lourdes |last8=Christensen |first8=Lasse Toft |title=Dukungan Finansial untuk Batubara dan Energi Terbarukan di Indonesia |publisher=International Institute for Sustainable Development |date=May 2017 |url=https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/financial-supports-coal-renewables-indonesia-executive-summary-bahasa.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{attwood2017dukungan, author = {Attwood, Clem and Bridle, Richard and Gass, Philip and Halimanjaya, Aidy S. and Laan, Tara and Lontoh, Lucky and Sanchez, Lourdes and Christensen, Lasse Toft}, title = {{Dukungan Finansial untuk Batubara dan Energi Terbarukan di Indonesia}}, institution = {International Institute for Sustainable Development}, year = {2017}, month = may, url = {https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/financial-supports-coal-renewables-indonesia-executive-summary-bahasa.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }