Pour une conservation sensible aux conflits

The manual introduces 'Conflict-Sensitive Conservation' (CSC), a process designed for conservation organizations operating in or near protected areas, particularly in conflict-prone regions. It argues that while conservation can prevent conflict by managing scarce resources, poorly designed interventions—such as restricting resource access or unequal benefit distribution—can inadvertently trigger or fuel violence. The guide outlines a three-step institutional process to adopt CSC (assessing capacity, allocating human resources, and defining principles) and a two-step programmatic process (conflict analysis and the design/monitoring of solutions). It provides specific tools for analysis, including conflict trees, conflict mapping, and stakeholder profiling, and emphasizes the importance of gender-sensitive approaches to peacebuilding.

• Conservation activities can inadvertently fuel violent conflicts in three primary ways: by creating grievances through restricted access to livelihoods, by imposing additional economic burdens or risks (such as wildlife damage), and by creating unequal distributions of benefits that favor elites or specific identity groups.
• In active conflict zones, conservation efforts can be negatively impacted both directly—through habitat destruction, wildlife poaching for profit, and threats to park personnel—and indirectly, through the withdrawal of funding as humanitarian needs take priority.
• Conservation can contribute to peacebuilding by addressing the root causes of conflict, such as environmental degradation and resource scarcity, and by creating 'threat-free' spaces for cooperation, as seen in regional meetings for gorilla conservation in the Virunga-Bwindi region.
• To make an organization conflict-sensitive, it must first ensure minimum conditions are met, including active commitment from leadership, a willingness to change, support for staff development, strategic partnerships with flexible donors, and accountability mechanisms.
• The programmatic CSC process involves a systematic analysis using three specific tools: the 'conflict tree' to map root causes and consequences, 'conflict mapping' to visualize power dynamics and relationships between actors, and 'stakeholder profiles' to identify underlying interests and essential needs beyond stated positions.
• Gender-sensitive analysis is critical because men and women experience conservation and conflict differently; for example, while men may face physical risks during wildlife guarding, women may experience increased domestic violence and marital tension as a result of those same activities.
• Effective conflict-sensitive conservation requires a flexible, adaptive management approach, including the use of consultation, dialogue, negotiation, and mediation, as well as the creation of community-based interfaces like Community Conservation Committees (CCC).

APA

Hammill, A., Crawford, A., Craig, R., Malpas, R., & Matthew, R. (2009). Pour une conservation sensible aux conflits. International Institute for Sustainable Development. https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/csc_manual_fr.pdf

Chicago

Hammill, Anne, Alec Crawford, Robert Craig, Robert Malpas, and Richard Matthew. Pour une conservation sensible aux conflits. International Institute for Sustainable Development, 2009. https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/csc_manual_fr.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Hammill |first1=Anne |last2=Crawford |first2=Alec |last3=Craig |first3=Robert |last4=Malpas |first4=Robert |last5=Matthew |first5=Richard |title=Pour une conservation sensible aux conflits |publisher=International Institute for Sustainable Development |date=2009 |url=https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/csc_manual_fr.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{hammill2009pour, author = {Hammill, Anne and Crawford, Alec and Craig, Robert and Malpas, Robert and Matthew, Richard}, title = {{Pour une conservation sensible aux conflits}}, institution = {International Institute for Sustainable Development}, year = {2009}, url = {https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/csc_manual_fr.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }