Necesitamos Más Acuerdos Híbridos de Comercio y Medio Ambiente

The author contends that the World Trade Organization's (WTO) current strategy of expanding environmental discussions without binding enforcement, contrasted with the European Union's use of unilateral coercive trade measures like the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), creates a governance gap. The text suggests that 'hybrid' plurilateral agreements, such as New Zealand's Agreement on Climate Change, Trade and Sustainability, offer a superior cooperative model by integrating both environmental goals and enforceable trade mechanisms.

• Global environmental policy is currently characterized by 'verticalization,' where the focus has shifted from expanding the number of Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs) to creating binding mechanisms and protocols to ensure their application.
• The European Union has adopted unilateral trade measures to achieve environmental goals, specifically the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) proposed in July 2021 to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by at least 55% by 2030 compared to 1990, and regulations on deforestation-free value chains for commodities such as cattle, cocoa, coffee, palm oil, soy, and wood.
• The WTO is pursuing a 'horizontal' approach to environmental issues through non-binding forums and dialogues, such as the Trade and Environmental Sustainability Structured Discussions (TESSD), the Informal Dialogue on Plastic Pollution and Environmentally Sustainable Trade in Plastics, and the Fossil Fuel Subsidies Reform (FFSR), which lack binding enforcement mechanisms.
• The author proposes 'hybrid' plurilateral trade and environment agreements as the most effective path forward, citing New Zealand's Agreement on Climate Change, Trade and Sustainability as a primary example of an integrated and applicable mechanism.

APA

Voituriez, T. (n.d.). Necesitamos Más Acuerdos Híbridos de Comercio y Medio Ambiente. International Institute for Sustainable Development. https://www.iisd.org/es/node/17100

Chicago

Voituriez, Tancrède. Necesitamos Más Acuerdos Híbridos de Comercio y Medio Ambiente. International Institute for Sustainable Development, n.d. https://www.iisd.org/es/node/17100.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Voituriez |first1=Tancrède |title=Necesitamos Más Acuerdos Híbridos de Comercio y Medio Ambiente |publisher=International Institute for Sustainable Development |url=https://www.iisd.org/es/node/17100 |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{voituriezndnecesitamos, author = {Voituriez, Tancrède}, title = {{Necesitamos Más Acuerdos Híbridos de Comercio y Medio Ambiente}}, institution = {International Institute for Sustainable Development}, url = {https://www.iisd.org/es/node/17100}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }