Necesitamos Más Acuerdos Híbridos de Comercio y Medio Ambiente

The paper argues that the current divide between the WTO's non-binding environmental dialogues and unilateral trade measures (like the EU's CBAM) is insufficient for global environmental governance. It advocates for 'hybrid' plurilateral agreements—such as the one initiated by New Zealand—that integrate trade and environment goals into binding, cooperative frameworks.

• Global environmental policy is currently characterized by a 'verticalization' process, where the focus has shifted from expanding the number of Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs) to creating binding mechanisms and protocols to ensure their application.
• The European Union has adopted unilateral trade measures to achieve environmental goals, specifically the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) and regulations on deforestation-free value chains. The CBAM, proposed in July 2021, aims to reduce net greenhouse gas emissions in Europe by at least 55% by 2030 compared to 1990 levels, initially targeting cement, aluminum, fertilizers, electricity, iron, and steel.
• The WTO's current approach to environmental issues is primarily 'horizontal,' acting as a forum for guidelines and best practices without binding enforcement. This is exemplified by three 'sister' initiatives: the Trade and Environmental Sustainability Structured Discussions (TESSD), the Informal Dialogue on Plastic Pollution and Environmentally Sustainable Trade in Plastics, and the Fossil Fuel Subsidies Reform (FFSR).
• The author proposes 'hybrid plurilateral trade and environment agreements' as the most effective solution because they combine cooperative design with integrated, enforceable mechanisms. A primary example is the Agreement on Climate Change, Trade and Sustainability initiated by New Zealand.

APA

Voituriez, T. (n.d.). Necesitamos Más Acuerdos Híbridos de Comercio y Medio Ambiente. International Institute for Sustainable Development. https://www.iisd.org/es/node/17100

Chicago

Voituriez, Tancrède. Necesitamos Más Acuerdos Híbridos de Comercio y Medio Ambiente. International Institute for Sustainable Development, n.d. https://www.iisd.org/es/node/17100.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Voituriez |first1=Tancrède |title=Necesitamos Más Acuerdos Híbridos de Comercio y Medio Ambiente |publisher=International Institute for Sustainable Development |url=https://www.iisd.org/es/node/17100 |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{voituriezndnecesitamos, author = {Voituriez, Tancrède}, title = {{Necesitamos Más Acuerdos Híbridos de Comercio y Medio Ambiente}}, institution = {International Institute for Sustainable Development}, url = {https://www.iisd.org/es/node/17100}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }