Les négociations de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce sur l’agriculture lors de la 14e Conférence ministérielle quelle est la situation actuelle et sur quels points les pays les moins avancés peuvent-ils progresser ?

This research paper analyzes the state of agricultural negotiations at the World Trade Organization (WTO) ahead of the 14th Ministerial Conference (MC14). It details persistent disagreements over domestic support, public food stocks, and market access, while identifying three specific areas where Least Developed Countries (LDCs) could achieve tangible progress: the reduction of trade-distorting cotton subsidies, improved market access for cotton products, and exemptions from export restrictions.

• Agricultural negotiations at the WTO are currently stalled due to long-standing disagreements regarding domestic support, the use of public stocks for food security in developing countries at administered prices, and general market access for agricultural products.
• Developing countries argue that the current method for calculating market price support is obsolete because it relies on a reference price from 1986 to 1988, which fails to account for inflation and artificially inflates reported support levels.
• The proposed Special Safeguard Mechanism (SSM) would allow developing countries and LDCs to temporarily raise tariffs during import surges or price drops, though members remain divided on trigger thresholds, duration, and product coverage.
• LDCs that produce cotton suffer from high levels of trade-distorting domestic support provided by a few large producing countries, which lowers global prices and reduces income for small-scale farmers in LDCs.
• In November 2025, the ministers of trade from Benin, Burkina Faso, Mali, Chad, and Côte d’Ivoire issued the Bamako Ministerial Declaration on Cotton, calling for the gradual elimination of all trade-distorting domestic support for cotton.
• LDCs face a persistent tariff escalation in the cotton sector, where processed products like cotton fabrics and yarns are subject to higher duties than raw cotton, hindering industrial diversification.
• Granting LDCs an exemption from export restrictions on food and agricultural products would protect them from global price spikes, complementing the MC12 decision to exempt World Food Programme purchases.
• Informal discussions, such as the WTO Dialogue on Sustainable Agriculture launched by Brazil and joined by China and Switzerland, are exploring how trade policy can promote sustainable farming without creating new binding rules.

APA

Calvo, F. (n.d.). Les négociations de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce sur l’agriculture lors de la 14e Conférence ministérielle quelle est la situation actuelle et sur quels points les pays les moins avancés peuvent-ils progresser ? International Institute for Sustainable Development. https://www.iisd.org/fr/articles/policy-analysis/wto-mc14-agriculture-negotiations-ldcs

Chicago

Calvo, Facundo. Les négociations de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce sur l’agriculture lors de la 14e Conférence ministérielle quelle est la situation actuelle et sur quels points les pays les moins avancés peuvent-ils progresser ? International Institute for Sustainable Development, n.d. https://www.iisd.org/fr/articles/policy-analysis/wto-mc14-agriculture-negotiations-ldcs.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Calvo |first1=Facundo |title=Les négociations de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce sur l’agriculture lors de la 14e Conférence ministérielle quelle est la situation actuelle et sur quels points les pays les moins avancés peuvent-ils progresser ? |publisher=International Institute for Sustainable Development |url=https://www.iisd.org/fr/articles/policy-analysis/wto-mc14-agriculture-negotiations-ldcs |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{calvondles, author = {Calvo, Facundo}, title = {{Les négociations de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce sur l’agriculture lors de la 14e Conférence ministérielle quelle est la situation actuelle et sur quels points les pays les moins avancés peuvent-ils progresser ?}}, institution = {International Institute for Sustainable Development}, url = {https://www.iisd.org/fr/articles/policy-analysis/wto-mc14-agriculture-negotiations-ldcs}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }