Trade and Subsidies: Undermining the trading system with public funds

This text is an excerpt from an article by Halle, intended for publication in "Peace and Prosperity through Global Trade," which argues that the current structure of national and global economies undermines the goals of trade liberalization and requires a systemic retooling of the trading system.

• Halle asserts that resolving the current issues within the trading system cannot be achieved through marginal flexibility, ingenious formulas, or bilateral deals to force consensus among recalcitrant WTO members.
• The author argues that the existing organization of global and national economies actively works against the intended goals of trade liberalization, necessitating a fundamental retooling of the trading system.

APA

Halle (2009). Trade and Subsidies: Undermining the trading system with public funds. International Institute for Sustainable Development. https://www.iisd.org/articles/policy-analysis/trade-and-subsidies-undermining-trading-system-public-funds

Chicago

Halle. Trade and Subsidies: Undermining the trading system with public funds. International Institute for Sustainable Development, 2009. https://www.iisd.org/articles/policy-analysis/trade-and-subsidies-undermining-trading-system-public-funds.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Halle |title=Trade and Subsidies: Undermining the trading system with public funds |publisher=International Institute for Sustainable Development |date=21 August 2009 |url=https://www.iisd.org/articles/policy-analysis/trade-and-subsidies-undermining-trading-system-public-funds |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{halle2009trade, author = {Halle}, title = {{Trade and Subsidies: Undermining the trading system with public funds}}, institution = {International Institute for Sustainable Development}, year = {2009}, month = aug, url = {https://www.iisd.org/articles/policy-analysis/trade-and-subsidies-undermining-trading-system-public-funds}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }