Measuring Fossil Fuel Subsidies in the Context of the Sustainable Development Goals

This report provides methodological guidance for National Statistical Systems and global entities to measure fossil fuel subsidies, specifically to support the reporting of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) indicator 12.c.1.

• The report establishes a methodology for measuring fossil fuel subsidies to satisfy Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) indicator 12.c.1, which tracks the amount of these subsidies per unit of GDP for both production and consumption.
• The guidance is designed for use by National Statistical Systems to create national estimates, while also providing a framework for measuring fossil fuel subsidies on a global scale.
• The report was developed by the United Nations Environment Programme (UN Environment) in partnership with the International Institute for Sustainable Development's (IISD) Global Subsidies Initiative (GSI), experts from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), and an international expert group.

APA

Zinecker,, P. W. S. A. (2019). Measuring Fossil Fuel Subsidies in the Context of the Sustainable Development Goals. International Institute for Sustainable Development. https://www.iisd.org/publications/report/measuring-fossil-fuel-subsidies-context-sustainable-development-goals

Chicago

Zinecker,, Peter Wooders,Ronald Steenblik, Anna. Measuring Fossil Fuel Subsidies in the Context of the Sustainable Development Goals. International Institute for Sustainable Development, 2019. https://www.iisd.org/publications/report/measuring-fossil-fuel-subsidies-context-sustainable-development-goals.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Zinecker, |first1=Peter Wooders,Ronald Steenblik, Anna |title=Measuring Fossil Fuel Subsidies in the Context of the Sustainable Development Goals |publisher=International Institute for Sustainable Development |date=23 May 2019 |url=https://www.iisd.org/publications/report/measuring-fossil-fuel-subsidies-context-sustainable-development-goals |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{zinecker2019measuring, author = {Zinecker,, Peter Wooders,Ronald Steenblik, Anna}, title = {{Measuring Fossil Fuel Subsidies in the Context of the Sustainable Development Goals}}, institution = {International Institute for Sustainable Development}, year = {2019}, month = may, url = {https://www.iisd.org/publications/report/measuring-fossil-fuel-subsidies-context-sustainable-development-goals}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }