Comprehensive Wealth in Indonesia

The report argues that GDP is an insufficient measure of national progress as it ignores costs to nature and society. By analyzing Indonesia's comprehensive wealth—which includes produced, human, natural, financial, and social capital—the study finds that while Indonesia's comprehensive wealth nearly tripled between 1995 and 2020, its GDP grew at a significantly slower rate, suggesting the country is not fully benefiting from its increasing assets.

• Indonesia's Comprehensive Wealth Index, which represents the inflation-adjusted per capita value of its wealth portfolio, grew from IDR 404.3 million (USD 86,100) in 1995 to IDR 1.13 million (USD 240,750) in 2020, representing a nearly threefold increase with an average annual growth rate of 4.3%.
• There is a disparity between the growth of Indonesia's comprehensive wealth and its real per capita GDP, which rose from IDR 27.5 million (USD 5,860) to IDR 54.1 million (USD 11,500). This slower GDP growth (2.8%) indicates that Indonesia is not leveraging its increased wealth effectively.
• Despite being a top producer of various commodities including coal, nickel, gold, and natural gas, Indonesia's aggregate natural resource wealth ranked 14th globally and 79th on a per capita basis in 2018.

APA

Smith,, A. H. A. B. K. E. G. L. M. N. (2024). Comprehensive Wealth in Indonesia. International Institute for Sustainable Development. https://www.iisd.org/publications/report/comprehensive-wealth-indonesia

Chicago

Smith,, Alin Halimatussadiah,Muhammad Adriansyah,Livia Bizikova,Robi Kurniawan,Roes Ebara Gikami Lufti,Faizal Moeis,Priskila Nandita,Robert. Comprehensive Wealth in Indonesia. International Institute for Sustainable Development, 2024. https://www.iisd.org/publications/report/comprehensive-wealth-indonesia.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Smith, |first1=Alin Halimatussadiah,Muhammad Adriansyah,Livia Bizikova,Robi Kurniawan,Roes Ebara Gikami Lufti,Faizal Moeis,Priskila Nandita,Robert |title=Comprehensive Wealth in Indonesia |publisher=International Institute for Sustainable Development |date=17 May 2024 |url=https://www.iisd.org/publications/report/comprehensive-wealth-indonesia |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{smith2024comprehensive, author = {Smith,, Alin Halimatussadiah,Muhammad Adriansyah,Livia Bizikova,Robi Kurniawan,Roes Ebara Gikami Lufti,Faizal Moeis,Priskila Nandita,Robert}, title = {{Comprehensive Wealth in Indonesia}}, institution = {International Institute for Sustainable Development}, year = {2024}, month = may, url = {https://www.iisd.org/publications/report/comprehensive-wealth-indonesia}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }