L'Organisation mondiale du commerce et les subventions à la pêche : quel est le chemin parcouru ?

The document provides an overview of the WTO's efforts to regulate fisheries subsidies. It details the 2022 Agreement (Phase 1), which prohibits subsidies for illegal fishing, overexploited stocks, and unregulated high-seas fishing, and examines the ongoing negotiations for 'Phase 2' rules. These proposed additional rules aim to address the root causes of overcapacity and overfishing through a hybrid approach of general prohibitions and specific exemptions for developing nations and sustainable management practices. Despite significant convergence among members as of March 2025, a total consensus remains elusive due to the demands of two major developing countries for more substantial changes.

• The 2022 WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies prohibits financial support in three specific scenarios: illegal fishing activities, stocks that are overexploited without reconstitution measures, and high-seas fishing conducted without collective management agreements.
• As of March 2025, the 2022 Agreement requires 17 more ratifications to enter into force, having already been ratified by 94 of the 111 members needed.
• Current negotiations for additional rules (Phase 2) aim to address the root causes of overcapacity and overfishing, as the 2022 rules are considered too targeted and do not prevent subsidies from encouraging oversized fleets before stocks become overexploited.
• The proposed 'hybrid' approach for the new rules includes a general ban on subsidies contributing to overcapacity and overfishing, but allows exemptions if the member can prove fisheries management measures are in place to maintain healthy stocks.
• The proposed rules include differentiated requirements, imposing stricter demonstration standards on developed members, distant-water fishing nations, and major subsidizers, while providing special and differential treatment for developing countries, including exemptions for artisanal fisheries.
• Despite unprecedented convergence on most issues following the MC13 in Abu Dhabi and subsequent meetings in Geneva, a total consensus on the additional rules has not been reached because two major developing countries are requesting substantial modifications to the text.

APA

Irschlinger, T. (2025). L'Organisation mondiale du commerce et les subventions à la pêche : quel est le chemin parcouru ? International Institute for Sustainable Development. https://www.iisd.org/fr/articles/policy-analysis/wto-fisheries-subsidies

Chicago

Irschlinger, Tristan. L'Organisation mondiale du commerce et les subventions à la pêche : quel est le chemin parcouru ? International Institute for Sustainable Development, 2025. https://www.iisd.org/fr/articles/policy-analysis/wto-fisheries-subsidies.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Irschlinger |first1=Tristan |title=L'Organisation mondiale du commerce et les subventions à la pêche : quel est le chemin parcouru ? |publisher=International Institute for Sustainable Development |date=March 2025 |url=https://www.iisd.org/fr/articles/policy-analysis/wto-fisheries-subsidies |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{irschlinger2025lorganisation, author = {Irschlinger, Tristan}, title = {{L'Organisation mondiale du commerce et les subventions à la pêche : quel est le chemin parcouru ?}}, institution = {International Institute for Sustainable Development}, year = {2025}, month = mar, url = {https://www.iisd.org/fr/articles/policy-analysis/wto-fisheries-subsidies}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }