Influence of Central and East ENSO on extreme events of precipitation in South America during austral spring and summer

This research paper analyzes how different types of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)—specifically East Pacific and Central Pacific—affect precipitation anomalies and extreme precipitation events in South America during the austral spring and summer.

• Precipitation anomaly patterns in South America differ based on the type of ENSO: Central El Niño (CEN) is associated with negative precipitation anomalies in eastern Brazil that are absent during East El Niño (EEN), while EEN is associated with positive precipitation anomalies in southern Brazil that are absent during CEN.
• Precipitation anomalies are generally more extensive and stronger during East ENSO events than Central ENSO events, with a notable exception in southern Brazil during the austral spring, where anomalies during Central ENSO are stronger.
• The frequency of extreme precipitation events generally follows the patterns of seasonal precipitation anomalies, although regions with a significant increase in extreme event frequency tend to be more extensive than those with increased seasonal precipitation.

APA

Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (2025). Influence of Central and East ENSO on extreme events of precipitation in South America during austral spring and summer. https://iai.int/es/pub_acad/influence-of-central-and-east-enso-on-extreme-events-of-precipitation-in-south-america-during-austral-spring-and-summer/

Chicago

Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research. Influence of Central and East ENSO on extreme events of precipitation in South America during austral spring and summer. 2025. https://iai.int/es/pub_acad/influence-of-central-and-east-enso-on-extreme-events-of-precipitation-in-south-america-during-austral-spring-and-summer/.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |author=Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research |title=Influence of Central and East ENSO on extreme events of precipitation in South America during austral spring and summer |date=15 January 2025 |url=https://iai.int/es/pub_acad/influence-of-central-and-east-enso-on-extreme-events-of-precipitation-in-south-america-during-austral-spring-and-summer/ |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{interamericaninstituteforglobalchangeresearch2025influence, author = {{Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research}}, title = {{Influence of Central and East ENSO on extreme events of precipitation in South America during austral spring and summer}}, institution = {Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research}, year = {2025}, month = jan, url = {https://iai.int/es/pub_acad/influence-of-central-and-east-enso-on-extreme-events-of-precipitation-in-south-america-during-austral-spring-and-summer/}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }