Influence of Central and East ENSO on extreme events of precipitation in South America during austral spring and summer

The research distinguishes between East and Central ENSO types, finding that they produce different precipitation patterns in South America. East El Niño (EEN) is associated with positive precipitation anomalies in southern Brazil, while Central El Niño (CEN) is linked to negative anomalies in eastern Brazil. Generally, anomalies are more extensive and stronger during East ENSO events than Central ones, though southern Brazil in austral spring is an exception. The frequency of extreme precipitation events generally aligns with these seasonal anomalies, though the areas of increased extreme event frequency are often more extensive than those with increased seasonal precipitation.

• Central and East ENSO types create distinct precipitation patterns in South America; for example, Central El Niño (CEN) causes negative precipitation anomalies in eastern Brazil that are absent during East El Niño (EEN), while EEN causes positive anomalies in southern Brazil that are absent during CEN.
• Precipitation anomalies are typically more extensive and stronger during East ENSO events than Central ones, with a specific exception occurring in southern Brazil during the austral spring, where Central ENSO anomalies are stronger.
• The frequency of extreme precipitation events generally follows the patterns of seasonal precipitation anomalies, although the regions experiencing a significant increase in extreme event frequency are typically more extensive than those with increased seasonal precipitation.

APA

Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (2025). Influence of Central and East ENSO on extreme events of precipitation in South America during austral spring and summer. https://iai.int/es/pub_acad/influence-of-central-and-east-enso-on-extreme-events-of-precipitation-in-south-america-during-austral-spring-and-summer/

Chicago

Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research. Influence of Central and East ENSO on extreme events of precipitation in South America during austral spring and summer. 2025. https://iai.int/es/pub_acad/influence-of-central-and-east-enso-on-extreme-events-of-precipitation-in-south-america-during-austral-spring-and-summer/.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |author=Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research |title=Influence of Central and East ENSO on extreme events of precipitation in South America during austral spring and summer |date=15 January 2025 |url=https://iai.int/es/pub_acad/influence-of-central-and-east-enso-on-extreme-events-of-precipitation-in-south-america-during-austral-spring-and-summer/ |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{interamericaninstituteforglobalchangeresearch2025influence, author = {{Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research}}, title = {{Influence of Central and East ENSO on extreme events of precipitation in South America during austral spring and summer}}, institution = {Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research}, year = {2025}, month = jan, url = {https://iai.int/es/pub_acad/influence-of-central-and-east-enso-on-extreme-events-of-precipitation-in-south-america-during-austral-spring-and-summer/}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }