Macaristan'da Referandumlar: Onay Önyargısı

The article argues that under Prime Minister Viktor Orbán, referendums in Hungary have been repurposed to serve party interests and propagate anti-EU and anti-migrant narratives. It highlights the 2016 refugee referendum as a symbolic tool of propaganda and describes how the government obstructs opposition-led initiatives, such as those by the Socialist Party and the Momentum Movement. Additionally, the text details the use of 'national consultation surveys'—unregulated, state-funded polls sent to millions of households—to legitimize government policies through leading questions and strategic results.

• The 2016 referendum on the EU's refugee relocation system was legally flawed because it contradicted the constitution by addressing matters beyond the legislature's authority and was called after the EU had already abandoned the quota idea. Its primary purpose was to serve as a symbolic milestone in Viktor Orbán's anti-EU and racist populist propaganda.
• Since 2010, the Fidesz party has systematically blocked referendums proposed by citizens or opposition actors using legal arguments, policy reversals, or physical intimidation. Examples include the physical obstruction of a Socialist Party (MSZP) representative attempting to propose a referendum on Sunday retail opening hours and the government's withdrawal of a proposal regarding the 2024 Summer Olympics bid initiated by the Momentum Movement.
• The Hungarian government has institutionalized 'national consultation surveys' as a form of propaganda. These state-funded polls, sent to approximately 8 million households, lack oversight in formulation, distribution, and evaluation, and use leading questions to justify government policies both domestically and within the EU.

APA

Benedek, K. (2021). Macaristan'da Referandumlar: Onay Önyargısı. Green European Journal. https://www.greeneuropeanjournal.eu/macaristanda-referandumlar-onay-onyargisi/

Chicago

Benedek, Kata. Macaristan'da Referandumlar: Onay Önyargısı. Green European Journal, 2021. https://www.greeneuropeanjournal.eu/macaristanda-referandumlar-onay-onyargisi/.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Benedek |first1=Kata |title=Macaristan'da Referandumlar: Onay Önyargısı |publisher=Green European Journal |date=13 December 2021 |url=https://www.greeneuropeanjournal.eu/macaristanda-referandumlar-onay-onyargisi/ |access-date=23 October 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{benedek2021macaristanda, author = {Benedek, Kata}, title = {{Macaristan'da Referandumlar: Onay Önyargısı}}, institution = {Green European Journal}, year = {2021}, month = dec, url = {https://www.greeneuropeanjournal.eu/macaristanda-referandumlar-onay-onyargisi/}, urldate = {2026-10-23}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }