Kemajuan Deklarasi Hutan New York

This executive summary evaluates the progress of the New York Declaration on Forests (NYDF) five years after its 2014 inception. It concludes that achieving the 2020 targets is nearly impossible, as tropical deforestation continues at unsustainable rates and restoration efforts are too slow and often occur outside natural forests. While some governments and companies have taken action, these efforts are described as isolated and insufficient to catalyze systemic change.

• The New York Declaration on Forests (NYDF) set ambitious goals to reduce deforestation by half by 2020 and end it by 2030, while restoring 150 million hectares of forest and degraded landscapes by 2020 and 350 million hectares by 2030. However, as of September 2019, there is little evidence that these goals are on track, and the 2020 targets are considered nearly impossible to achieve.
• Tropical deforestation remains at an unsustainable pace, with agricultural commodity expansion being the primary driver, linked to over 90% of global deforestation and urbanization in the tropics. Specifically, Brazil's Amazon saw a deforestation rate increase of 88% in June 2019 compared to the same month the previous year.
• The loss of irreplaceable primary tropical forests increased by 44% relative to the 2002–2013 baseline, rising from 3.0 to 4.3 million hectares per year. The annual loss of tropical tree cover between 2014 and 2018 emitted 4.7 gigatons of carbon dioxide, which exceeds the total 2017 greenhouse gas emissions of the European Union.
• Indonesia experienced a significant slowdown in primary forest loss in 2017 and 2018, decreasing by more than 30% compared to the 2002–2016 average. This was attributed to government, private sector, and civil society actions, as well as wetter weather that reduced wildfires, though severe forest fires have recurred since 2015.
• Forest restoration progress is lagging; of the 170.6 million hectares of restoration commitments made by 59 entities through the Bonn Challenge by April 2019, only 18% of the 2020 restoration goal (26.7 million hectares since 2000) has been implemented. Furthermore, a case study in the Mekong region indicates that most tree cover gains since 2010 occurred outside of forests rather than within them.
• Corporate commitments to eliminate deforestation from supply chains have stagnated over the last three years. Only 8% of companies with such commitments apply them across all operations and supply chains. Implementation is hindered by a lack of priority agreement, limited risk understanding, and financial uncertainty regarding sustainable investments.
• Financial investment for stopping deforestation in tropical countries is severely inadequate, representing less than 1.5% (USD 3.2 billion) of the USD 256 billion promised by donor countries and multilateral institutions for climate change mitigation since 2010. Total green financing for forests is no more than USD 22 billion.
• Poverty and population pressure drive forest loss, particularly in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, where shifting agriculture accounts for over a quarter of forested land and 70% of total tree cover loss. In the Congo Basin, the rate of disturbance in primary forests and woodlands doubled between 2001 and 2014, correlating with population growth.

APA

Forest Declaration Assessment (2019). Kemajuan Deklarasi Hutan New York. https://forestdeclaration.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/2019NYDFReport_ES_BH.pdf

Chicago

Forest Declaration Assessment. Kemajuan Deklarasi Hutan New York. 2019. https://forestdeclaration.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/2019NYDFReport_ES_BH.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |author=Forest Declaration Assessment |title=Kemajuan Deklarasi Hutan New York |date=September 2019 |url=https://forestdeclaration.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/2019NYDFReport_ES_BH.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{forestdeclarationassessment2019kemajuan, author = {{Forest Declaration Assessment}}, title = {{Kemajuan Deklarasi Hutan New York}}, institution = {Forest Declaration Assessment}, year = {2019}, month = sep, url = {https://forestdeclaration.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/2019NYDFReport_ES_BH.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }