DO ELDORADO do gÁs AO CAOS

The document details how French involvement in Mozambique's gas sector—through companies like Total and TechnipFMC and banks such as Crédit Agricole—has contributed to a cycle of debt, corruption, and human rights abuses. It highlights the 'tuna bonds' scandal, where illicit debts were contracted to fund a defense program under the guise of fishing. In Cabo Delgado, the report links gas projects to an insurgency that has caused over 1,100 deaths and displaced 100,000 people, noting that militarization prioritizes corporate assets over civilians. Environmentally, the report warns that three developing gas projects could emit greenhouse gases equivalent to seven years of France's total emissions, threatening the biodiversity of the Quirimbas biosphere reserve.

• Mozambique possesses some of the world's largest gas reserves, ranking 9th globally, with an estimated investment of at least 60 billion dollars planned for exploration.
• A corruption scandal involving 'tuna bonds' saw the Mozambican government contract illicit debts totaling 2 billion dollars, officially for a tuna fishing fleet but actually to fund a defense program to protect gas deposits.
• In Cabo Delgado, an insurgency has resulted in at least 1,100 deaths and the displacement of over 100,000 people since October 2017, exacerbated by inequalities and human rights violations linked to gas projects.
• The Mozambican government has prioritized the militarization of the Afungi Peninsula to protect gas installations, with operators like Total and ExxonMobil requesting additional troops.
• Private paramilitary groups, including those led by Erik Prince and Lionel Dyck, have operated in Mozambique using French-licensed weaponry, including Gazelle helicopters.
• Gas exploration projects have led to the forced displacement of 556 families, often resulting in the loss of access to the sea and agricultural land.
• The three developing gas projects are estimated to emit greenhouse gases equivalent to seven years of France's emissions and 49 years of Mozambique's emissions.
• Gas exploration threatens the biodiversity of the Quirimbas National Park, a UNESCO biosphere reserve located only 8 km from Area 1, risking the habitats of endangered species like the North Atlantic right whale.

APA

Marchand, C., Mollière, C., Philippot, L., Renaud, J., Cubizolles, M., Bhatnagar, D., Shaw, S., Race, M., Lemos, A., Rawoot, I., Ribeiro, D., & Fortin, T. (2020). DO ELDORADO do gÁs AO CAOS. Friends of the Earth International. https://www.foei.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Gas-Mocambique_Portuguese.pdf

Chicago

Marchand, Cécile, Catherine Mollière, Lorette Philippot, Juliette Renaud, Marion Cubizolles, Dipti Bhatnagar, Sara Shaw, et al. DO ELDORADO do gÁs AO CAOS. Friends of the Earth International, 2020. https://www.foei.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Gas-Mocambique_Portuguese.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Marchand |first1=Cécile |last2=Mollière |first2=Catherine |last3=Philippot |first3=Lorette |last4=Renaud |first4=Juliette |last5=Cubizolles |first5=Marion |last6=Bhatnagar |first6=Dipti |last7=Shaw |first7=Sara |last8=Race |first8=Madeleine |last9=Lemos |first9=Anabela |display-authors=etal |title=DO ELDORADO do gÁs AO CAOS |publisher=Friends of the Earth International |date=June 2020 |url=https://www.foei.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Gas-Mocambique_Portuguese.pdf |access-date=23 October 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{marchand2020eldorado, author = {Marchand, Cécile and Mollière, Catherine and Philippot, Lorette and Renaud, Juliette and Cubizolles, Marion and Bhatnagar, Dipti and Shaw, Sara and Race, Madeleine and Lemos, Anabela and Rawoot, Ilham and Ribeiro, Daniel and Fortin, Tony}, title = {{DO ELDORADO do gÁs AO CAOS}}, institution = {Friends of the Earth International}, year = {2020}, month = jun, url = {https://www.foei.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Gas-Mocambique_Portuguese.pdf}, urldate = {2026-10-23}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }