CONSERVATION AND PROTECTED AREAS

The document argues for a rights-based approach to conservation, contrasting the effectiveness of governance by Indigenous Peoples and local communities (IPLCs) with the harms of 'fortress conservation'. It advocates for the recognition of Indigenous Peoples’ and Local Community Conserved Territories and Areas (ICCAs) and sets specific criteria for the quality, connectivity, and governance of protected areas to be counted toward global biodiversity targets.

• Protected areas are a valuable tool for conserving species and habitats, but their effectiveness depends on governance. The best conservation results occur when these areas are governed by Indigenous Peoples and local communities (IPLCs).
• Certain conservation models, termed 'fortress conservation', have led to human rights violations, including land dispossession and forced evictions, by being imposed without free, prior and informed consent.
• Indigenous Peoples’ and Local Community Conserved Territories and Areas (ICCAs), also known as territories of life, are critical for global biodiversity. Potential ICCAs are estimated to cover more than 21% of the world's land area and 22% of key biodiversity areas.
• For protected areas to be considered effective and count toward CBD numerical targets, they must meet specific criteria: ecological representativity, connectivity, effectiveness in governance, equity and participation, and public financial support.

APA

Friends of the Earth International (n.d.). CONSERVATION AND PROTECTED AREAS. https://www.foei.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Conservation-and-protected-areas.pdf

Chicago

Friends of the Earth International. CONSERVATION AND PROTECTED AREAS. n.d. https://www.foei.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Conservation-and-protected-areas.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |author=Friends of the Earth International |title=CONSERVATION AND PROTECTED AREAS |url=https://www.foei.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Conservation-and-protected-areas.pdf |access-date=23 October 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{friendsoftheearthinternationalndconservation, author = {{Friends of the Earth International}}, title = {{CONSERVATION AND PROTECTED AREAS}}, institution = {Friends of the Earth International}, url = {https://www.foei.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Conservation-and-protected-areas.pdf}, urldate = {2026-10-23}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }