Caractéristiques des fausses solutions à la crise de la biodiversité et aux crises systémiques qui y sont liées

The report by Friends of the Earth International critiques 'false solutions' to biodiversity loss and climate change, which it defines as market-based mechanisms that commodify nature. It argues that these solutions—such as carbon credits and biodiversity offsets—allow corporations to continue polluting through 'compensation' while stripping local and indigenous communities of their land rights. The document details a four-phase process of commodification where nature is redefined as 'natural capital' and 'ecosystem services.' It concludes that true solutions must address the root causes of ecological destruction by challenging capitalist accumulation and prioritizing social, gender, and environmental justice.

• False solutions rely on 'compensation,' a mechanism where the destruction of one ecosystem is permitted if a similar area is preserved elsewhere through the purchase of financial titles like carbon credits.
• The document argues that assigning an economic value to nature is impossible because it cannot capture the spiritual, social, and biological complexity of ecosystems, such as the role of ancient trees in a community.
• Market-based environmental policies often replace mandatory legislation with voluntary measures and economic incentives, which allows companies to avoid structural changes to their production methods.
• The 'financialization of nature' occurs in four phases: first, treating nature as a purchasable object; second, redefining functions as 'services' for clients; third, separating genetic components for privatization via intellectual property; and fourth, detaching functions from the physical asset to trade them as 'natural capital' on financial markets.
• These mechanisms lead to the violation of the rights of indigenous and local communities, including forced displacement and the loss of territorial control, as seen with REDD projects where communities are barred from collecting firewood or performing cultural activities.
• False solutions are intentionally presented as highly technical and complex to depoliticize the debate and exclude local populations from decision-making processes.

APA

Rojas, I. (2020). Caractéristiques des fausses solutions à la crise de la biodiversité et aux crises systémiques qui y sont liées. Friends of the Earth International. https://www.foei.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Caracteristiques-des-fausses-solutions-a-la-crise-de-la-biodiversite-et-aux-crises-systemiques-qui-y-sont-liees_Amis-de-la-terre-international.pdf

Chicago

Rojas, Isaac. Caractéristiques des fausses solutions à la crise de la biodiversité et aux crises systémiques qui y sont liées. Friends of the Earth International, 2020. https://www.foei.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Caracteristiques-des-fausses-solutions-a-la-crise-de-la-biodiversite-et-aux-crises-systemiques-qui-y-sont-liees_Amis-de-la-terre-international.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Rojas |first1=Isaac |title=Caractéristiques des fausses solutions à la crise de la biodiversité et aux crises systémiques qui y sont liées |publisher=Friends of the Earth International |date=December 2020 |url=https://www.foei.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Caracteristiques-des-fausses-solutions-a-la-crise-de-la-biodiversite-et-aux-crises-systemiques-qui-y-sont-liees_Amis-de-la-terre-international.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{rojas2020caractristiques, author = {Rojas, Isaac}, title = {{Caractéristiques des fausses solutions à la crise de la biodiversité et aux crises systémiques qui y sont liées}}, institution = {Friends of the Earth International}, year = {2020}, month = dec, url = {https://www.foei.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Caracteristiques-des-fausses-solutions-a-la-crise-de-la-biodiversite-et-aux-crises-systemiques-qui-y-sont-liees_Amis-de-la-terre-international.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }