Making power clean every hour: 9 clean flexibility tools

This fact sheet by Ember outlines nine clean flexibility tools categorized into store, shift, share, and supply, designed to balance power systems and reduce reliance on fossil fuels.

• Clean flexibility tools are divided into four categories: 'Store' (saving renewable power for periods of low sun and wind), 'Shift' (incentivising consumers to move non-critical demand to sunny and windy hours), 'Share' (using power cables to move excess solar and wind power across space), and 'Supply' (enabling power sources to ramp up and down quickly).
• Specific storage technologies include pumped hydro, batteries, and long duration energy storage (LDES). In 2024, China completed the world's largest pumped storage station with a capacity of 3.6 GW, which could save 1.2 million tons of CO2 annually. Additionally, China launched a 300 MW compressed air storage project in April 2024, potentially cutting 490,000 tons of CO2 annually.
• Battery capacity in California grew 13-fold over five years to reach 10 GW by April 2024. In 2024, these batteries routinely met nearly one-fifth of California's daily peak load during evening hours by shifting solar power.

APA

Petrovich, B., Rangelova, K., & Candlin, A. (n.d.). Making power clean every hour: 9 clean flexibility tools. Ember. https://ember-energy.org/app/uploads/2024/10/2025_CleanFlex.pdf

Chicago

Petrovich, Beatrice, Kostantsa Rangelova, and Alison Candlin. Making power clean every hour: 9 clean flexibility tools. Ember, n.d. https://ember-energy.org/app/uploads/2024/10/2025_CleanFlex.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Petrovich |first1=Beatrice |last2=Rangelova |first2=Kostantsa |last3=Candlin |first3=Alison |title=Making power clean every hour: 9 clean flexibility tools |publisher=Ember |url=https://ember-energy.org/app/uploads/2024/10/2025_CleanFlex.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{petrovichndmaking, author = {Petrovich, Beatrice and Rangelova, Kostantsa and Candlin, Alison}, title = {{Making power clean every hour: 9 clean flexibility tools}}, institution = {Ember}, url = {https://ember-energy.org/app/uploads/2024/10/2025_CleanFlex.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }