Net zero, fairness and climate politics

The research identifies a broad public concern for climate change in the UK, though this is often decoupled from an understanding of 'net zero' as a specific policy solution. Using a values-based segmentation model, the study finds that while most Britons are open to 'doing their bit,' there is deep cynicism regarding political trust and the fair distribution of costs. Key findings highlight that fairness is experienced emotionally and varies by income level, with a strong consensus that the wealthy and big businesses should bear more of the financial burden. The report suggests framing net zero as an opportunity for financial wellbeing and energy independence to bridge political and social divides.

• There is a significant gap between general concern for climate change and the understanding of 'net zero' as a solution. Many people link climate change to visible issues like plastic waste and extreme weather rather than fossil fuel use or net zero policies. Accuracy in defining 'net zero' varied widely by segment, with only 71% of Progressive Activists and as few as 31%-38% of other segments identifying the correct definition.
• Public perceptions of fairness are emotional and context-dependent rather than intellectual. While there is general agreement that the rich should pay more and the poor should receive more grants, specific scenarios often shift these views. For example, Disengaged Traditionalists may view grants as unfair even for very low-income households.
• Widespread distrust in government and political elites creates a barrier to net zero adoption. Many respondents are pessimistic about achieving the 2050 target and believe politicians make empty promises during elections. Consequently, there is a strong demand for ongoing public consultation rather than a blind mandate to proceed.
• Most British citizens believe that protecting the environment and the economy are mutually compatible, though some segments would prioritise economic growth if forced to choose. There is high support for investing in green industries, particularly in areas that have lost traditional manufacturing.
• There is broad support for the UK to be ambitious in its climate action and to set a strong global example, regardless of the actions of high-emitting countries like China or the US. However, there are misconceptions that the UK is alone in its net zero pledges, despite over 70 countries having set such targets.
• Support for specific net zero policies varies by perceived cost and fairness. High-cost transitions, such as switching from gas boilers to clean heating or petrol cars to electric vehicles, are viewed with more skepticism, especially by Loyal Nationals and Backbone Conservatives. Conversely, measures like planting trees and improving recycling are seen as the least expensive.

APA

Climate Outreach (2022). Net zero, fairness and climate politics. https://climateoutreach.org/britain-talks-climate/previous-research/net-zero-fairness-politics/

Chicago

Climate Outreach. Net zero, fairness and climate politics. 2022. https://climateoutreach.org/britain-talks-climate/previous-research/net-zero-fairness-politics/.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |author=Climate Outreach |title=Net zero, fairness and climate politics |date=23 April 2022 |url=https://climateoutreach.org/britain-talks-climate/previous-research/net-zero-fairness-politics/ |access-date=23 October 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{climateoutreach2022net, author = {{Climate Outreach}}, title = {{Net zero, fairness and climate politics}}, institution = {Climate Outreach}, year = {2022}, month = apr, url = {https://climateoutreach.org/britain-talks-climate/previous-research/net-zero-fairness-politics/}, urldate = {2026-10-23}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }