GCHA Submission: Consultation on the Draft NDC of Nepal

The Global Climate and Health Alliance (GCHA) submitted a consultation document in April 2025 providing recommendations to embed human health considerations into Nepal's draft Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) 3.0. The submission emphasizes the intersection of climate action and public health, urging Nepal to align its conditional targets with 1.5°C warming limits, address air pollution as a cross-cutting issue, and quantify the economic costs of health-related climate losses and damages.

• The GCHA notes a discrepancy in Nepal's draft NDC 3.0 targets: while the unconditional target is 1.5°C compatible, the conditional target is ranked as "critically insufficient," which would lead to warming exceeding 4°C if adopted globally.
• Black carbon is identified as a critical priority for Nepal due to its role in driving warming, impacting snow and ice in mountain regions, and contributing to PM2.5 air pollution.
• Climate change is significantly increasing health risks in Nepal, including a 68% increase in average exposure to heat stress risk since the 1990s and a 109% increase in the transmission potential for dengue by Aedes albopictus mosquitoes between 1951-1960 and 2014-2024.
• Air pollution from human activities caused over 35,000 deaths from PM2.5 in Nepal in 2021, with biomass burning accounting for 47% of these deaths, fossil fuel burning for 27%, and coal burning for 12%.
• The healthcare sector in Nepal contributes 4.1% of total national emissions. The GCHA recommends integrating the 2024 Health National Adaptation Plan and the 2022 national vulnerability and adaptation assessment into the NDC to improve policy coherence.
• Heat exposure has caused severe economic losses in Nepal, with heat-related mortality costing US$ 0.38 billion in 2023 and an estimated US$ 2.8 billion in potential income lost annually between 2014 and 2023, primarily affecting the agricultural sector (91.5% of the impact).
• The GCHA suggests that Nepal could avoid national health impact costs of air pollution, which totaled $3.5 billion in 2021, through mitigation actions to improve air quality.

APA

Global Climate and Health Alliance (2025). GCHA Submission: Consultation on the Draft NDC of Nepal. https://climateandhealthalliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/Nepal-NDC-Submission.pdf

Chicago

Global Climate and Health Alliance. GCHA Submission: Consultation on the Draft NDC of Nepal. 2025. https://climateandhealthalliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/Nepal-NDC-Submission.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite press release |author=Global Climate and Health Alliance |title=GCHA Submission: Consultation on the Draft NDC of Nepal |date=April 2025 |url=https://climateandhealthalliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/Nepal-NDC-Submission.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@misc{globalclimateandhealthalliance2025gcha, author = {{Global Climate and Health Alliance}}, title = {{GCHA Submission: Consultation on the Draft NDC of Nepal}}, publisher = {Global Climate and Health Alliance}, year = {2025}, month = apr, url = {https://climateandhealthalliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/Nepal-NDC-Submission.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }