Exhibit 6_7[5].pdf

This document is an atlas published by the World Health Organization (WHO) that examines the impact of environmental hazards on children's health. It categorizes risks into 'traditional' hazards, such as air pollution and poor water and sanitation, and 'emerging' hazards, including chemical exposures, e-waste, and climate change. The report aligns these challenges with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and advocates for multisectoral cooperation to reduce preventable child mortality and lifelong disease risks.

• Household air pollution (HAP) is a critical health threat, causing 531,000 deaths of children under five annually and serving as the primary risk factor for childhood pneumonia.
• Poor access to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) contributed to 361,000 preventable child deaths from diarrhoea in 2012. As of the reporting period, one third of the global population lacks improved sanitation facilities and 10% lacks improved drinking water.
• Climate change is identified as a major new threat that increases the risk of asthma through higher temperatures and CO2 levels, expands the range of infectious disease vectors, and exacerbates malnutrition via disrupted food and water supplies.
• Children in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) bear a disproportionate burden of environmental disease. For example, over 95% of under-five malaria deaths occur in Africa, and sub-Saharan Africa has only 16% access to piped water in homes.
• Electronic waste (e-waste) is the fastest-growing waste stream, expected to increase by 19% between 2014 and 2018. It is often shipped from high-income countries to LMICs, where children may be exposed to toxicants linked to cancer and reduced intelligence.
• Ambient air pollution is a significant risk for children, particularly in the Eastern Mediterranean and Western Pacific regions. In low-income countries, 98% of large cities exceed WHO guideline levels for PM2.5.
• Second-hand tobacco smoke (SHTS) and third-hand smoke (chemicals settling on surfaces) pose severe risks to children, including increased rates of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), reduced lung function, and congenital malformations.
• Ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure during childhood is a strong risk factor for malignant melanoma and cataracts. The report highlights the 'SunSmart' program in Victoria, Australia, as a successful model for primary prevention in schools.
• Significant progress has been made in reducing certain environmental hazards since 1990, including halving child mortality (from 12.7 million in 1990 to 5.9 million in 2015) and nearly eliminating lead in petrol globally.

APA

Centre for Environmental Rights (n.d.). Exhibit 6_7[5].pdf. https://cer.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Groundwork-Trust-Amicus-Admission-Application_V3.pdf?x21779

Chicago

Centre for Environmental Rights. Exhibit 6_7[5].pdf. n.d. https://cer.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Groundwork-Trust-Amicus-Admission-Application_V3.pdf?x21779.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |author=Centre for Environmental Rights |title=Exhibit 6_7[5].pdf |url=https://cer.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Groundwork-Trust-Amicus-Admission-Application_V3.pdf?x21779 |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{centreforenvironmentalrightsndexhibit, author = {{Centre for Environmental Rights}}, title = {{Exhibit 6\_7[5].pdf}}, institution = {Centre for Environmental Rights}, url = {https://cer.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Groundwork-Trust-Amicus-Admission-Application_V3.pdf?x21779}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }