COMBINED SUMMONS

This document is a compilation of legal summons, news articles, emails, and personal essays centered on a long-running conflict between the Amadiba community on South Africa's Wild Coast and the Australian mining company Mineral Commodities Limited (MRC). The materials detail allegations of human rights abuses, fraudulent attempts to secure mining rights for titanium deposits at Xolobeni, and the 2016 assassination of anti-mining activist Sikhosiphi 'Bazooka' Rhadebe.

• The Amadiba community on the Wild Coast has spent over a decade resisting attempts by the Australian-owned company Mineral Resources Commodities (MRC) and its subsidiary TEM to mine titanium-rich coastal dunes at Xolobeni.
• Sikhosiphi 'Bazooka' Rhadebe, chairman of the Amadiba Crisis Committee (ACC), was assassinated on April 7, 2016, after being shot eight times by men posing as police officers.
• MRC and its local empowerment partner, Xolco, are accused of submitting a fraudulent list of 3,087 local residents to the Department of Mineral Resources to claim 'prior, free and informed consent' for mining; the list allegedly contained forged signatures and names of deceased people.
• Mark Victor Caruso, CEO of MRC, has been involved in multiple defamation lawsuits against environmental activists and lawyers, including John Clarke and representatives from the Centre for Environmental Rights, claiming they wrongly linked the company to the murder of Rhadebe.
• The Xolobeni mineral sands deposit is described as the 'tenth largest heavy mineral deposit in the world', primarily consisting of titanium, ilmenite, rutile, zircon, pig iron, and leucoxene.
• MRC's Tormin Mineral Sands project in the Western Cape is the only operation currently generating cash for investors, though it has faced legal disputes between Mark Caruso and former CEO Andrew Lashbrooke over a R20 million claim.
• The Amadiba Crisis Committee alleges a pattern of violence and suspicious deaths of community leaders opposing the mine, including Mandoda Ndovela (2003), Scorpion Dimane (2008), and Balasheleni Mthwa (2015).
• MRC announced its decision to disinvest from the Xolobeni project on July 18, 2016, following intense pressure from human rights activists in South Africa, Australia, and London.

APA

Centre for Environmental Rights (n.d.). COMBINED SUMMONS. https://cer.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Clarke-Special-Plea-Record.pdf?x21779

Chicago

Centre for Environmental Rights. COMBINED SUMMONS. n.d. https://cer.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Clarke-Special-Plea-Record.pdf?x21779.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |author=Centre for Environmental Rights |title=COMBINED SUMMONS |url=https://cer.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Clarke-Special-Plea-Record.pdf?x21779 |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{centreforenvironmentalrightsndcombined, author = {{Centre for Environmental Rights}}, title = {{COMBINED SUMMONS}}, institution = {Centre for Environmental Rights}, url = {https://cer.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Clarke-Special-Plea-Record.pdf?x21779}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }