2011-cope-ndude-q990-extent-to-which-the-dwa-has-been-informed-by-us-findings-that-fracking-could-contaminate-drinking-water-supplies-with-radioactivity-0471897a41e878ef.pdf

A draft reply from the South African Department of Water and Environmental Affairs to a National Assembly question regarding the potential for fracking to contaminate drinking water with radioactivity, based on findings from the United States.

• The Department of Water and Environmental Affairs acknowledges awareness of studies from the United States and other countries regarding fracking. It states that it must evaluate this information in comparison to South Africa's specific geological formations, which vary by area.
• The Department is aware of gas exploration proposals in the Karoo Basins that may utilize fracking of deep shales, and it recognizes the potential risk this poses to shallow aquifer systems that serve as the only water source for local users.
• The Department intends to use its powers under the National Water Act (Act 36 of 1998, NWA) to manage risks to water resources from potential fracking developments, noting that no water use license applications have been submitted as of the date of the reply.

APA

Centre for Environmental Rights (n.d.). 2011-cope-ndude-q990-extent-to-which-the-dwa-has-been-informed-by-us-findings-that-fracking-could-contaminate-drinking-water-supplies-with-radioactivity-0471897a41e878ef.pdf. https://cer.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/2011-COPE-Ndude-Q990-Extent-to-which-the-DWA-has-been-informed-by-US-findings-that-fracking-could-contaminate-drinking-water-supplies-with-radioactivity.pdf?x21779

Chicago

Centre for Environmental Rights. 2011-cope-ndude-q990-extent-to-which-the-dwa-has-been-informed-by-us-findings-that-fracking-could-contaminate-drinking-water-supplies-with-radioactivity-0471897a41e878ef.pdf. n.d. https://cer.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/2011-COPE-Ndude-Q990-Extent-to-which-the-DWA-has-been-informed-by-US-findings-that-fracking-could-contaminate-drinking-water-supplies-with-radioactivity.pdf?x21779.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |author=Centre for Environmental Rights |title=2011-cope-ndude-q990-extent-to-which-the-dwa-has-been-informed-by-us-findings-that-fracking-could-contaminate-drinking-water-supplies-with-radioactivity-0471897a41e878ef.pdf |url=https://cer.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/2011-COPE-Ndude-Q990-Extent-to-which-the-DWA-has-been-informed-by-US-findings-that-fracking-could-contaminate-drinking-water-supplies-with-radioactivity.pdf?x21779 |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{centreforenvironmentalrightsnd2011copendudeq990extenttowhichthedwahasbeeninformedbyusfindingsthatfrackingcouldcontaminatedrinkingwatersupplieswithradioactivity0471897a41e878efpdf, author = {{Centre for Environmental Rights}}, title = {{2011-cope-ndude-q990-extent-to-which-the-dwa-has-been-informed-by-us-findings-that-fracking-could-contaminate-drinking-water-supplies-with-radioactivity-0471897a41e878ef.pdf}}, institution = {Centre for Environmental Rights}, url = {https://cer.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/2011-COPE-Ndude-Q990-Extent-to-which-the-DWA-has-been-informed-by-US-findings-that-fracking-could-contaminate-drinking-water-supplies-with-radioactivity.pdf?x21779}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }