MECANISMOS PARA FINANCIAR LA PROMOCIÓN DE ENERGÍAS RENOVABLES. IMPACTOS EN LOS HOGARES Y LAS INDUSTRIAS

The document examines how financing renewable energy through electricity prices in Spain has increased costs for households and industries, particularly impacting low-income groups. It evaluates three alternative financing scenarios—government transfers, Value Added Tax (VAT) increases, and fuel tax increases—finding that transfers and VAT are more progressive and beneficial for industrial production than electricity price surcharges.

• Renewable energy's share in Spain's electricity system grew from 20.3% in 2004 to 40.9% in 2014, driven by wind and solar expansion.
• The cost of promoting renewable energy rose from 2.9 billion euros in 2005 to 6.6 billion euros in 2015, contributing to a tariff deficit that reached 26 billion euros (2.5% of GDP) in 2012.
• Between 2004 and 2014, average annual electricity prices increased by 109% for households (from € 0.1079 to € 0.2252 per kWh) and 120% for industry (from € 0.0538 to € 0.1185 per kWh).
• Financing renewables through electricity prices disproportionately affects low-income households; for the lowest income group (first ventile), electricity expenditure as a proportion of disposable income rose from 4% in 2006 to 5.5% in 2013.
• Among alternative financing mechanisms, government transfers are the most effective and progressive for protecting low-income households, followed by VAT and fuel taxes.
• Shifting the financing burden away from electricity prices positively impacts industrial production, particularly for energy-intensive industries, though fuel taxes specifically harm the oil and transport sectors.

APA

Garcia-Muros, X., & Gonzalez-Eguino, M. (2017). MECANISMOS PARA FINANCIAR LA PROMOCIÓN DE ENERGÍAS RENOVABLES. IMPACTOS EN LOS HOGARES Y LAS INDUSTRIAS. Basque Centre for Climate Change. https://www.bc3research.org/h6T8Uy8Nm4gFs0O/201801120937492033176359.pdf

Chicago

Garcia-Muros, Xaquin, and Mikel Gonzalez-Eguino. MECANISMOS PARA FINANCIAR LA PROMOCIÓN DE ENERGÍAS RENOVABLES. IMPACTOS EN LOS HOGARES Y LAS INDUSTRIAS. Basque Centre for Climate Change, 2017. https://www.bc3research.org/h6T8Uy8Nm4gFs0O/201801120937492033176359.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Garcia-Muros |first1=Xaquin |last2=Gonzalez-Eguino |first2=Mikel |title=MECANISMOS PARA FINANCIAR LA PROMOCIÓN DE ENERGÍAS RENOVABLES. IMPACTOS EN LOS HOGARES Y LAS INDUSTRIAS |publisher=Basque Centre for Climate Change |date=2017 |url=https://www.bc3research.org/h6T8Uy8Nm4gFs0O/201801120937492033176359.pdf |access-date=23 October 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{garciamuros2017mecanismos, author = {Garcia-Muros, Xaquin and Gonzalez-Eguino, Mikel}, title = {{MECANISMOS PARA FINANCIAR LA PROMOCIÓN DE ENERGÍAS RENOVABLES. IMPACTOS EN LOS HOGARES Y LAS INDUSTRIAS}}, institution = {Basque Centre for Climate Change}, year = {2017}, url = {https://www.bc3research.org/h6T8Uy8Nm4gFs0O/201801120937492033176359.pdf}, urldate = {2026-10-23}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }