Economic Evaluation of Energy Efficiency Labelling in Domestic Appliances: the Spanish Market

The study analyzes the Spanish domestic appliance market in 2012 to determine the price premium for energy efficiency (EE) labels and the price elasticities of demand. Using a hedonic pricing model, the authors found that high energy efficiency labels lead to price premiums of 4.15% for washing machines, 12.63% for refrigerators, and 4.03% for dishwashers. The analysis also indicates that demand for high-efficiency appliances is more elastic than for low-efficiency ones across all three categories.

• Washing machines with class A*** energy labelling carry a price premium of 4.15% compared to other models, which equates to a monetary value of €19.79 based on an average price of €477.
• High energy efficiency refrigerators (merged class A** and A***) are on average 12.63% more expensive than those with low class energy efficiency labels, representing a price premium of €86.39 against an average price of €684.
• Dishwashers with a high energy efficiency class (AHigh) are on average 4.03% more expensive than those in classes A or A*, which corresponds to a value of €19.42 based on an average price of €482.
• Demand for high energy efficiency washing machines is more elastic than for low efficiency ones, with own price elasticity ranging from -1.2 to -11.8.
• The own elasticity of demand for high energy efficiency dishwashers ranges from -2.1 to -14.9.

APA

Galarraga, I., & Lucas, J. (2013). Economic Evaluation of Energy Efficiency Labelling in Domestic Appliances: the Spanish Market. Basque Centre for Climate Change. https://www.bc3research.org/h6T8Uy8Nm4gFs0O/20130319032310431229159.pdf

Chicago

Galarraga, Ibon, and Josu Lucas. Economic Evaluation of Energy Efficiency Labelling in Domestic Appliances: the Spanish Market. Basque Centre for Climate Change, 2013. https://www.bc3research.org/h6T8Uy8Nm4gFs0O/20130319032310431229159.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Galarraga |first1=Ibon |last2=Lucas |first2=Josu |title=Economic Evaluation of Energy Efficiency Labelling in Domestic Appliances: the Spanish Market |publisher=Basque Centre for Climate Change |date=March 2013 |url=https://www.bc3research.org/h6T8Uy8Nm4gFs0O/20130319032310431229159.pdf |access-date=23 October 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{galarraga2013economic, author = {Galarraga, Ibon and Lucas, Josu}, title = {{Economic Evaluation of Energy Efficiency Labelling in Domestic Appliances: the Spanish Market}}, institution = {Basque Centre for Climate Change}, year = {2013}, month = mar, url = {https://www.bc3research.org/h6T8Uy8Nm4gFs0O/20130319032310431229159.pdf}, urldate = {2026-10-23}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }