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Jenseits des Exportreflexes: Aufbau souveräner Märkte für eine Zukunft, in der die nationalen Klimaschutzbeiträge (NDCs) im Vordergrund stehen

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This research paper argues that African nations must shift from an export-oriented 'Kyoto mindset'—which risks exploitative 'carbon grabs' and low credit pricing—to a 'Paris mindset' that prioritizes domestic carbon markets to meet National Determined Contributions (NDCs). The author outlines a five-pillar readiness framework for sovereign market development and analyzes the current progress of several African countries in implementing Article 6 of the Paris Agreement.

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  • The author identifies a tension between two market philosophies: the 'Kyoto mindset,' which focuses on generating low-cost credits for foreign buyers, and the 'Paris mindset,' which uses carbon markets as a sovereign tool to prioritize a country's own NDC through domestic compliance markets.
  • African credits have faced significant price asymmetry, with some offered at USD 1-3 per tonne, which is a small fraction of their value in compliance markets, increasing the risk of 'carbon grabs'.
  • The paper proposes five interdependent pillars for establishing 'readiness' for sovereign carbon markets: Policy & Institutions, Registry & MRV, Authorisation & CAs (Corresponding Adjustments), Safeguards & Benefit-share, and Finance & Market Access.
  • Different African nations are adopting varying strategies: South Africa and Egypt are characterized by a 'Paris (domestic)' mindset, while Ghana and Rwanda are described as 'Kyoto (export-led)', and Kenya and Nigeria as 'Hybrid'.
  • Article 6.4 of the Paris Agreement creates a UN-supervised market for Article 6.4 Emission Reductions (A6.4ERs), while Article 6.2 allows for bilateral 'cooperative approaches' to trade internationally-transferred mitigation outcomes (ITMOs).

Cite the original document

APA
Clark, E. K. (2025). Jenseits des Exportreflexes: Aufbau souveräner Märkte für eine Zukunft, in der die nationalen Klimaschutzbeiträge (NDCs) im Vordergrund stehen. Africa Policy Research Institute. https://afripoli.org/de/jenseits-des-exportreflexes-aufbau-souveraener-co%E2%82%82-maerkte-fur-eine-zukunft-in-der-die-nationalen-klimaschutzbeitraege-ndcs-im-vordergrund-stehen-en
Chicago
Clark, Ebipere K. Jenseits des Exportreflexes: Aufbau souveräner Märkte für eine Zukunft, in der die nationalen Klimaschutzbeiträge (NDCs) im Vordergrund stehen. Africa Policy Research Institute, 2025. https://afripoli.org/de/jenseits-des-exportreflexes-aufbau-souveraener-co%E2%82%82-maerkte-fur-eine-zukunft-in-der-die-nationalen-klimaschutzbeitraege-ndcs-im-vordergrund-stehen-en.
Wikipedia
{{cite report |last1=Clark |first1=Ebipere K. |title=Jenseits des Exportreflexes: Aufbau souveräner Märkte für eine Zukunft, in der die nationalen Klimaschutzbeiträge (NDCs) im Vordergrund stehen |publisher=Africa Policy Research Institute |date=21 November 2025 |url=https://afripoli.org/de/jenseits-des-exportreflexes-aufbau-souveraener-co%E2%82%82-maerkte-fur-eine-zukunft-in-der-die-nationalen-klimaschutzbeitraege-ndcs-im-vordergrund-stehen-en |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}
BibTeX
@techreport{clark2025jenseits, author = {Clark, Ebipere K.}, title = {{Jenseits des Exportreflexes: Aufbau souveräner Märkte für eine Zukunft, in der die nationalen Klimaschutzbeiträge (NDCs) im Vordergrund stehen}}, institution = {Africa Policy Research Institute}, year = {2025}, month = nov, url = {https://afripoli.org/de/jenseits-des-exportreflexes-aufbau-souveraener-co%E2%82%82-maerkte-fur-eine-zukunft-in-der-die-nationalen-klimaschutzbeitraege-ndcs-im-vordergrund-stehen-en}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }

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